『每日軍事武器鑑賞』－ C-5"銀河"運輸機

克里斯Chris

C-5A/B Galaxy

The C-5 Galaxy is a heavy-cargo transport designed to provide strategic airlift for deployment and supply of combat and support forces. The C-5 can carry unusually large and heavy cargo for intercontinental ranges at jet speeds. The plane can take off and land in relatively short distances and taxi on substandard surfaces during emergency operations. The C-5 and the smaller C-141B Starlifter are strategic airlift partners. Together they carry fully equipped, combat-ready troops to any area in the world on short notice and provide full field support necessary to maintain a fighting force.

Using the front and rear cargo openings, the Galaxy can be loaded and off-loaded at the same time. Both nose and rear doors open the full width and height of the cargo compartment, allowing drive-through loading and unloading of wheeled and tracked vehicles, and faster, easier loading of bulky equipment. A "kneeling" landing gear system lowers the aircraft's cargo floor to truck-bed height. The entire cargo floor has a roller system for rapid handling of palletized equipment. Thirty-six fully loaded pallets can be loaded aboard in about 90 minutes.

The Galaxy's weight is distributed on its high flotation landing gear, which has 28 wheels. The landing gear system can raise each set of wheels individually for simplified tire changes or brake maintenance.

An automatic trouble-shooting system constantly monitors more than 800 test points in the various subsystems of the C-5. The Malfunction Detection Analysis and Recording System uses a digital computer to identify malfunctions in replaceable units. Failure and trend information is recorded on magnetic tape for analysis.

Four turbofan engines mounted on pylons under the wings power the C-5. Each engine pod is nearly 27 feet (8.2 meters) long, weighs 7,900 pounds (3,555 kilograms) and has an air intake diameter of more than 8 1/2 feet (2.6 meters). The Galaxy has 12 integral wing tanks with a capacity of 51,150 gallons (194,370 liters) of fuel - enough to fill 6 1/2 regular-size railroad tank cars. The fuel weighs 322,500 pounds (145,125 kilograms) and permits the C-5, carrying a 204,904-pound (92,207-kilogram) payload, to fly 2,150 nautical miles (3,440 kilometers), off-load, and fly another 500 miles (800 kilometers) without aerial refueling.


Features unique to the C-5 include the forward cargo door (visor) and ramp and the aft cargo door system and ramp. These features allow drive-on/drive-off loading and unloading as well as loading and unloading from either end of the cargo compartment. The C-5’s kneeling capability also facilitates and expedites these operations by lowering the cargo com-partment floor by about 10 feet to 3 feet off the ground. This position lowers cargo ramps for truck bed and ground loading and reduces ramp angles for loading and unloading vehicles. The C-5’s floor does not have treadways. The “floor-bearing pressure” is the same over the entire floor. The C-5A/B can carry up to thirty-six 463L pallets. The troop compartment is located in the aircraft’s upper deck. It is self-contained with a galley, two lavatories, and 73 available passenger seats (CB at FS 1675). Another 267 airline seats may be installed on the cargo compartment floor (maximum combined total of 329 troops including air crew over water).
Except for emergencies or unusual circumstances, the C-5 does not carry troops in the lower-deck cargo compartment; but 73 seats are available in the rear compartment of the upper deck for personnel and operators of equipment being airlifted. The C-5 has carried special loads, such as large missiles, that would require extra time, manpower and dollars to transport via ship, rail or flatbed truck.

The forward upper deck accommodates a crew of six, a relief crew of seven, and eight mail or message couriers. The flight deck has work stations for the pilot, co-pilot, two flight engineers and two loadmasters. The upper deck's forward and rear compartments have galleys for food preparation, as well as lavatories.

The Galaxy has sophisticated communications equipment and a triple inertial navigation system, making it nearly self-sufficient. It can operate without using ground-based navigational aids.

The electrical system has four engine-driven generators, each powerful enough to supply the aircraft sufficient electricity. Each of the two main landing gear pods carries an auxiliary power unit to supply electric and pneumatic power for engine starts and ground air conditioning, heating, cooling and ventilation. Air turbine motors in the landing gear pods also can power the hydraulic systems and the main landing gear kneeling motors.

The Galaxy is one of the world's largest aircraft. It is almost as long as a football field and as high as a six-story building and has a cargo compartment about the size of an eight-lane bowling alley. The C-5 is the only aircraft that can transport any of the Army's combat equipment, including the 74-ton (66,600-kilogram) mobile scissors bridge, tanks and helicopters.

克里斯Chris

The first C-5A was delivered to the Transitional Training Unit at Altus Air Force Base, Okla., in December 1969. The first operational C-5s were delivered to the 437th Military Airlift Wing, Charleston Air Force Base, S.C., in June 1970. In December 1984, the 433rd Tactical Airlift Wing (now the 433rd Military Airlift Wing) at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, became the first Air Force Reserve wing equipped with C-5 Galaxies.

The first C-5B incorporating significant improvements such as strengthened wings and updated avionics was delivered to Altus Air Force Base in January 1986. C-5 production concluded with delivery of the last "B" model aircraft in April 1989.

The C-5, with its massive payload capability, has opened unprecedented dimensions of strategic airlift in support of national defense. For 20 years it has been involved in many historic airlift missions, and is invaluable to the Air Force mission and humanitarian efforts. For example, in December 1988, four C-5s participated in the delivery of more than 885,000 pounds (398,250 kilograms) of earthquake relief supplies to the then-Soviet Republic of Armenia. The C-5 also assisted with an Alaskan oil spill cleanup in March 1989, transporting nearly 2 million pounds (900,000 kilograms) of equipment to Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.

The most dramatic display of the Galaxy's capability and value was during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. The C-5, along with other Air Force transport aircraft, airlifted almost a half-million passengers and more than 577,000 tons (519,300 metric tons) of cargo. This included 15 air-transportable hospitals and the more than 5,000 medical personnel to run them, and more than 211 tons (189.9 metric tons) of mail to and from the men and women in the Middle East - each day.


On 04 August 2000 the CF6-80C2L1F turbofan engine has been selected by Lockheed Martin Corporation to power the C-5 Galaxy transport aircraft Reliability Enhancement and Re-engining Program (RERP). This engine is a model of the highly successful CF6-80C2 engine family. The C-5 re-engining program is part of a multi-phase effort by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to modernize its fleet of 126 C-5 aircraft to achieve increased mission effectiveness and readiness. If fully implemented, the C-5 RERP effort will lead to sales of more than 500 CF6-80C2L1F propulsion systems, plus service support from GE.
Service Life

The AF took delivery of the first C-5A in 1969. The force was then retrofitted with a new wing in the mid 1980s. With a projected structural service life of over 50,000 hours, the C-5 could last structurally well into the next century, depending on the model and other factors. However, system obsolescence, reliability and maintainability, operating cost, impacts of corrosion, and required repairs all factor in the service life of an aircraft. Currently, the C-5 has the highest operating cost of any weapon system, and the trend is a rise in tariff rates and reliability and maintainability costs for the C-5. The current maintenance man hour per flying hour illustrates the difficulties in the C-5 force. The A models consumed 46.0 maintenance man hours per flying hour, 16.7 for the B model (CY96 data). With the retirement of the C-141 force, the C-5 will take a larger role in peacetime movement of cargo over the next few years. This means our mobility customers will face a more expensive option with the C-5. Our depot levels have decreased for the second consecutive year in FY96 to 18 percent of our total aircraft. However, this is still above the planned 15.4 percent BAI level. The daily mission capable rate over the past years continues to improve. However, A-model MC rates average about 10.1 percent below the B-model. These problems raise concern for the economic life of the C-5A-model.

克里斯Chris

Specifications
Primary Function	strategic airlift.
Contractor	Lockheed-Georgia Co.
Power Plant	Four General Electric TF39-GE-1C turbofan engines.
Thrust	41,000 pounds (18,450 kilograms), each engine.
Length	247 feet, 10 inches (75.3 meters).
Height At Tail	65 feet, 1 inch (19.8 meters).
Maximum Takeoff Weight	769,000 pounds (346,500 kilograms).
Maximum Wartime Takeoff Weight	840,000 pounds (378,000 kilograms).
Takeoff/Landing Distances	12,200 feet (3,697 meters) takeoff fully loaded; 4,900 feet (1485 meters) land fully loaded.
Wingspan	222 feet, 9 inches (67.9 meters).
Stabilizer Span	68 feet, 9 inches (20.8 meters).
Cargo Compartment	Height 13 feet, 6 inches (4.10 meters); width 19 feet (5.76 meters).
Range	5,940 miles (5,165 nautical miles) empty.
Ceiling	34,000 feet (10,303 meters) with a 605,000-pound (272,250-kilogram) load.
Speed	541 mph (Mach 0.72)
Load	291,000 pounds (130,950 kilograms) maximum wartime payload.
Accommodations	Upper deck seats 73 passengers; forward upper deck seats six, a relief crew of seven, and eight mail or message couriers. The flight deck has work stations for the entire crew. The upper deck's forward and rear compartments have galleys for food preparation and lavatories.
Sensors	An automatic trouble-shooting system constantly monitors more than 800 test points in the various subsystems of the C-5. The Malfunction Detection Analysis and Recording System uses a digital computer to identify malfunctions in replaceable units. Failure and trend information is recorded on magnetic tape for analysis by maintenance people.
Unit Cost	C-5A, $163.4 million; C-5B, $167.7 million
Crew	Six (pilot, co-pilot, two flight engineers, two loadmasters)
Date Deployed	December 1969 (for training); June 1970 (operational); December 1984 (to Reserve).
Inventory	Active-force, 70; ANG, 11; Reserve, 28.

克里斯Chris

  








  





  


  








  










(文章來自 :最大的軍用運輸機)

克里斯Chris

C-5

維基百科，自由的百科全書


洛克希德C-5銀河號（Lockheed C-5 Galaxy）是世界上最大的飛機之一。它能夠在全球範圍內運載超大規格的貨物並在相對較短的距離里起飛和降落。地面工作人員可以同時在C-5的前後艙門進行裝載和卸載。


描述
Role 重型戰略運輸機
Crew 7人（駕駛員、副駕駛、兩個飛機工程師、三個裝卸負責人）
尺寸
長度 247.1英尺 75.3米
翼展 222.9英尺 67.89米
高度 65.1英尺 19.84米
機翼面積 6,200英尺² 576米m²
重量
空載 337,937磅 153,285公斤
載重 769,000磅 348,810公斤
最大起飛重量 840,000磅 381,024公斤
動力裝置
引擎 四台通用電力公司TF39-1渦扇引擎
推力 43,000 lbf 191 KN
性能
最大速度 570英里/小時 917公里/小時
戰鬥航程 3,749英里 6,033公里
轉場航程 7,991英里 12,860公里
使用升限 34,000英尺 10.36公里
爬升率 1,800英尺/分鐘 549米/分鐘

克里斯Chris

任務
具有強大運載能力的C-5為美國空中機動司令部(Air Mobility Command)(AMC)提供空中運輸，以支持美國國家防務。C-5和C-17是AMC的戰略運輸理念中的搭檔。它們可以隨時滿載全副武裝的戰鬥部隊（包括主戰坦克）到達全球的任何地方，為戰鬥中的部隊提供野外支援。



特點
C-5的特點包括：

貨艙長121英尺、高13.5英尺、寬19英尺
上層艙可載運75名乘客
在滿載的情況下可以在8300英尺（2300米）的距離內起飛並在4900英尺（1493米）的距離內降落
高浮動起落裝置的28個輪胎共擔重量
前鼻和後艙門可以完全打開，使裝載快速和便捷
可以「跪下」的起落裝置使得停著的機身降低，使得貨艙的地板與汽車高度相當以方便車輛的裝卸
每端全寬度供行駛的坡道可同時裝載兩排車輛
系統可通過超過800個的測試點記錄分析信息和發現故障
C-5在外觀上與其姐妹機C-141非常相似，但C-5要大得多。兩種飛機都有與眾不同的T形尾翼（T-tail）、25度機翼掠角以及安裝在機翼吊架下的四台渦扇引擎（turbofan）。

銀河號運輸機幾乎可以裝載美軍的全部戰鬥裝備，包括巨大的重達74噸的移動棧橋，從美國到達全球任何一個戰場。

C-5有四台TF39渦扇引擎，每台推力為191KN。他們各重7900磅（3555公斤），進氣口直徑超過8.5英尺（2.6米）。每個引擎都有近27英尺（8.2米）長。

銀河號有12個機翼內置油箱，共可攜帶51150加侖（194370升）的燃油，可以裝滿6.5個常規的美國鐵路油槽車。滿載油料重量為330,500磅（150,820公斤）。無需空中加油，一架裝載270,000磅（122,000公斤）的C-5可以飛行2150海里（4000公里），卸載後，還能飛往離第一個目的地500海里（900公里）的基地。如果有空中加油，那該機的航程就僅僅取決於機組人員的耐力了。

克里斯Chris

背景
1970年6月，洛克希德公司向美國南卡羅萊那州查爾斯頓空軍基地(Charleston Air Force Base)的第437空運聯隊(437th Airlift Wing)交付了第一架銀河號。C-5駐扎在俄克拉荷馬阿爾特斯空軍基地(Altus Air Force Base)、德拉瓦州多佛空軍基地(Dover Air Force Base)以及加利福尼亞州特拉維斯空軍基地(Travis Air Force Base)。1985年，AMC將一些C-5轉移至空軍儲備組成單位，開始是德克薩斯州凱利空軍基地(Kelly Air Force Base)，隨後是紐約州斯圖爾特國民警衛隊空軍基地(Stewart Air National Guard Base)和麻薩諸塞州韋斯托弗空軍儲備基地(Westover Air Reserve Base)。

1989年3月，最後的50架C-5B飛機加入了美國空軍運輸機隊原有的76架C-5A機隊。C-5B包括了所有的C-5A的改進之處，也包括了超過100處額外的系統改進以改善飛機的可靠性和可維修性。所有的50架C-5B都加入到了現役部隊。

一項最近的研究表明，80％C-5的機身仍然在服務壽命之內，因此AMC開始了一項使C-5現代化的大膽計劃。這項C-5電子設備改進計劃始於1998年，包括升級電子設備以適應全球空中交通管理系統(Global Air Traffic Management)(GATM)、改進導航及安全設備和安裝新的駕駛儀系統。計劃的另一部分是全面更換引擎和改進可靠性，包括新的引擎、吊掛、輔助動力單元、升級飛機外形和框架、起降裝置和增壓系統。這項現代化的計劃將重建飛機的可靠性和可維護性、維持結構和系統的完整性、減少費用和增加操作性，以適應21世紀的需求。不同於它的俄羅斯對手---軍民兩用的An-124，C-5僅用於軍事部門。

C-5也是波音747發展的藍本。

克里斯Chris

小常識
C-5運輸機可以裝載：

277,000罐12液啢（355毫升）飲料
76,000瓶750毫升酒
752,000個曲棍球
328,000,000片阿斯匹林
2,400,000個高爾夫球
10,700蒲式耳未去殼的維吉尼亞花生
25,800,000個桌球
100輛大眾金龜
6輛灰狗巴士
3輛M1A1主戰坦克
足夠美國普通汽車從洛杉磯和紐約之間來回130次或者繞地球31圈的油料
貨艙足夠安放一個八球道的保齡球道
貨艙的長度比懷特兄弟的第一次飛行距離還長
C-5油料重量幾乎與C-141總重相當
方向舵面積幾乎與F-104G的機翼面積相同
油漆重量為2600磅（1200公斤）
C-5有超過103英里（165公里）的電線、4英里（6公里）的管道和5英里（8公里）的電纜
每一臺TF-39引擎每分鐘幾乎吐下42短噸(short ton)（38噸）的空氣
每一次降落一條輪胎就會有近0.002英寸（0.05毫米）的磨損
每一臺引擎輸出的總功率與800輛普通汽車相等
飛機平均在空中飛一個小時就需要進行16個小時的維修
美國空軍希望C-5能用到二十一世紀四十年代

克里斯Chris

現代美國空軍機型 Miscellaneous

C-5星座 攻擊機--OA/A-10、AC-130H/U RC-135V/W
C-17環球空中霸主III 轟炸機--B-52、B-2、B-1B、F-117A OC-135B
C-20灣流III 戰鬥機--F-15/F-15E 、F-22、F-16 KC-10、KC-135
C-21 Learjet 電子預警機--E-3、E-4B、E-8C、EC-130E/EC-130J、EC-130H HC-130P/HC-130N
C-32 C-22B 運輸機--C-5、C-17、C-141B、 C-20、C-21 MC-130E/MC-130H/MC-130P
C-130大力士 C-22B、C-32、C-130、C-37A、 C-40 MH-53J/MH-53M
C-141B運輸星 訓練機--T-1、 T-37、T-38、T-43、T-6 HH-60G
C-37A灣流V]] 氣象偵察機--WC-130、WC-135 UH-1N
C-40B/C剪刀 無人機--RQ-1/MQ-1、全球鷹 U-2
  VC-25

克里斯Chris

補充:最大的軍用運輸機


C-130“大力士”運輸機


在高技術戰爭中，軍用運輸機是提高部隊機動性，加強應變能力的重要運輸工具，為主要的軍用機種之一。現代軍用運輸機一般需具有：在復雜的氣像條件下，在沒有標記的航線上飛行並實施快速空投和空降的能力；在較簡易的前線機場起降，並能在無地面輔助設施支援的條件下快速裝卸大型武器和裝備。因此，美軍十分重視軍用運輸機的研制發展，不斷更新換代，現據世界領先水平。