以色列(RCWS-30)遥控武器

克里斯Chris

Ammunition
Main: 200 rounds (dual feed)
Coax: 460 rounds
Optional: 2 SPIKE missiles (or other), smoke grenades launchers

Weight
Combat weight: 1400kg
Including weapons and ammo.

Power Supply
24 VDC

Control
Traverse: Electrically controlled, Nx360
Elevation: Electrically controlled Range: -20 to +60

Optics & Fire Control
Day sight: Color / CCD camera with x10 continuous zoom
Line of Sight stabilization
Night Sight: Cooled FLIR
Display: Multi-functional, color LCD monitor

Height Above Deck
Folded position: 545 mm (ammo chute detached)
Extended position: 1010 mm

克里斯Chris

Rafael Armament Development Authority of Israel has extensive experience in the upgrade of a wide range of armoured fighting vehicles. At the show it is exhibiting an upgraded FV432 series armoured personnel carrier (APC). While the BAE Systems Land Systems Warrior infantry fighting vehicle has replaced the FV432 used by the British Army in the troop carrying role, large numbers of FV432 series remain in service for specialised roles such as ambulance, command post, mortar carrier and support vehicle.

It was expected that the out of service date of the FV432 of the British Army would be about 2014, but this has now been extended to beyond 2020, by which time this vehicle will be more than 50 years old.

The British Army is already expected to put an initial batch of up to 500 FV432s through an automotive upgrade and it is understood that a number of survivability enhancements are being considered.

The FV432 being shown by Rafael has been upgraded in two key areas – armour and firepower. Survivability has been improved by the installation of the latest-generation insensitive reactive armour package on the front and sides. This provides protection against a variety of anti-tank weapons fitted with a high explosive anti-tank warhead, including the widely deployed RPG-7 rocket propelled grenade launcher.

克里斯Chris

In addition, the new insensitive reactive armour package provides protection against kinetic energy attack, high-speed artillery and roadside bomb fragments.

For improved firepower, the FV432 is provided with the latest-generation Rafael Remote Controlled Weapon Station 30 (RCWS 30) armed with a stabilised US ATK Gun Systems Company 30mm MK 44 cannon. A 7.62mm MG is mounted co-axial, and installed on the left side is a two-round Spike LR missile launcher to engage tanks and other targets at long range.

Development of the RCWS 30 is complete and it has recently been successfully tested in Europe installed on a number of chassis, including a Polish BMP-1 IFV and a Patria Vehicles Armoured Modular Vehicle (AMV). Lat
er, RCWS 30 will be tested in the Czech Republic installed on the Austrian Steyr-Daimler-Puch Pandur II (8x8) and again on the AMV.

RCWS 30 is the latest in a long line of overhead weapon stations developed by the Rafael Armament Development authority for the home and export markets. These are typically armed with 7.62mm or 12.7mm MG, although versions armed with a 25mm cannon have been produced in large numbers for the export market.


The Czech Republic has selected Rafael Armament Development Authority of Israel to equip its future fleet of Pandur II 8 x 8 armoured personnel carriers (APC) with a complete combat fighting suite. The contract, amounting to some EUR120 million (USD143.5 million) if all options are exercised, will be completed between 2007 and 2012.

克里斯Chris

The decision follows the Czech government selection of the Steyr Consortium (Steyr-Daimler-Puch, part of General Dynamics European Land Combat Systems) on 25 January to supply up to 234 8 x 8 Pandur II APCs to the Army of the Czech Republic (ACR). It is expected that a contract, potentially worth up to USD1.02 billion, will be placed in April or May this year for the supply of some 199 Pandur 8 x 8 APCs and variants for delivery between 2007 and 2010. The contract has an option for an additional 35 vehicles, bringing the total up to 234 units, including variants. In all, there will be 18 variants, all of which will be amphibious.

The fighting suite to be supplied by Rafael comprises the Samson family of stabilised Remote Controlled Weapon Stations (RCWSs), including the Samson RCWS-30 and the Mini-Samson RCWS, and also
unspecified add-on armour for the Pandur II.

The Samson RCWS-30 includes an ATK MK-44 Bushmaster 30 mm automatic cannon, a two-round Rafael Spike multipurpose missile launcher (with Spike LR missiles to be supplied by EuroSpike GmbH) and a
co-axial 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun. The Mini-Samson RCWS family has a modular, plug-and-play configuration that enables it to accommodate a variety of weapons and weapon combinations. This includes as its main weapon, the 12.7 mm M2HB, 7.62 mm, and GAU-17 six-barrel 7.62 mm machine guns and the Mk 19 40 mm grenade launcher. Secondary weapons, including the two-round Spike LR multipurpose missile launcher, are mounted to the right of the main armament.

克里斯Chris

The Czech order provides for 92 RCWS-30 systems, 78 of which will be equipped with the Spike LR, while a further 47 vehicles will be equipped with the Mini-Samson 7.62/12.7 mm RCWS.

RCWS-30 was fully integrated into the vehicle and tested by the Czech Ministry of Defence in the Czech Republic as far back as last October, following which it was trialled at test ranges in Austria. According to Rafael: "The RCWS-30 was successfully tested and proved its qualities during the tests carried out by the ACR on both the Steyr Pandur II and Patria Armoured Modular Vehicle. The programme included: testing the integration of the RCWS-30 on the vehicles; crossing open water areas; test drives on paved and off-road surfaces; and loading and unloading from a C-130 Hercules aircraft."


The Remote Controlled Weapon Station – RCWS 30mm, completed a series of successful field tests in Finland. These tests were carried out on actual fighting platform in Finland on the Patria AMV and covered different combat scenarios at a variety of ranges.

克里斯Chris

幻客補充:

20毫米以上武器採用遙控武器台, 應該是出於經濟考慮, 不需要安裝炮塔了. 遙控武器台價格肯定比炮塔便宜.

但如果是安裝12.7毫米或7.62毫米機槍的遙控武器台, 那是從保護考慮了. 發射手沒有遙控武器能力, 只能暴露在車外射擊, 被擊中可能性大增.

遙控武器台缺點是射角受限制, 沒有人為操作那麼靈活. 優點除了人員保護之外, 遙控武器台還可以作為目標搜索類偵察設備使用, 提高了車輛作戰感知能力.


以色列長釘(SPIKE)是紅外制導的便攜式反坦克導彈, 與標槍同級別的.FV432是英國裝甲運兵車, 與美國M113差不多.

圖中車體兩側用了複合裝甲.

克里斯Chris

據有關報導，「長釘」是以色列20世紀末期自行研製發展的第四代反坦克制導武器。


伴隨高技術在導彈領域的廣泛運用，該系列導彈如今已發展出三種不同型號：「長釘」MR型（中程-2500米）、「長釘」LR型（遠程-4000米）以及「長釘」ER型（增程-8000米）。


據悉，「長釘」堪稱是現今世界一流的反坦克導彈，它集前三代產品優點於一身，在眾多反坦克武器中已贏得一席之地。

    為適應複雜多變的高技術戰爭需求，「長釘」目前已發展為一種多平台的反坦克導彈。「長釘」導彈系統既可選擇單兵肩扛或三腳架支撐發射，又能安裝在車輛、艦船和直升機上掛載使用，因此已被廣泛運用於步兵、特種部隊、海軍和空軍。

    新型「長釘」的戰鬥部為可更換設計，可以根據打擊目標的需要進行選擇。如增程型「長釘」配備的穿甲爆破（PBF）戰鬥部，彌補了以前串聯式戰鬥部（HEAT）在城市環境中威力不足的缺陷，具有穿透、爆炸和粉碎裝甲的綜合性能，可謂戰場多面手。


據稱，該戰鬥部能夠穿透牆壁或掩體，然後在目標內部爆炸，在獲得最大毀傷效果的同時，對目標外部的附帶毀傷減至最低；還可以對車輛和建築物進行針對性打擊。因此，「長釘」不僅適合全面戰爭，而且尤其適用於當今低烈度衝突。

克里斯Chris

模式自主操控優異

    第三代「發射後不管」導彈，發射後導彈可自動攻擊目標，如美國「標槍」、「海爾法」反坦克導彈等。而「發射後不管」系統在軍事行動中最大的不足是，導彈發射後不再受射手控制，容易擊中虛假目標。「長釘」在這方面進行了改進。

    新型「長釘」ER型導彈在原來「發射後不管」模式和發射、觀察與更新模式基礎上，推出了先進的發射與引導模式，導彈主動導引彈頭，不需要在發射前鎖定目標，射手有能力在發射後選定目標，並引導導彈向目標最薄弱部位攻擊，或鎖定目標後切換到「發射後不管」模式。射手還能夠實時控制導彈在城市區域複雜環境下精確機動，通過間隙瞄準在掩體下發射，從而提高了戰場的生存率。

克里斯Chris

技術領先效能倍增

    「長釘」系列反坦克導彈與世界第四代同類型導彈相比，其最大的優勢是光電和光纖技術的運用。

如「長釘」ER型利用紅外成像自動追蹤目標，具有特殊的雙向光纖數據鏈，在整個飛行過程中導彈和發射平台一直保持數據鏈接，射手可以看到導彈導引頭在導彈發射前和飛行中獲取的圖像，並辨別真偽，有選擇地打擊真實目標，因此具有獨特的發射後目標轉換能力。


同時，通過光導纖維傳輸，既提高了「長釘」的信息傳輸質量，又增強了自身偽裝和抗干擾能力。憑借先進的技術，「長釘」系列反坦克導彈能對坦克、裝甲車輛、堅固掩體和低空緩慢飛行目標和直升機進行打擊，並作戰爭損傷評估。

克里斯Chris

物美價廉效益可觀


   據稱，美國「標槍」在反坦克導彈發展史上是一個里程碑，是第三代制導技術的典範。

但是「標槍」系統造價頗高，許多國家力不能及。相比之下，「長釘」先進的數據處理裝置可重複使用，彈上設備大為簡化，大大降低了導彈成本，備受各國青睞。

據報導，2002年「長釘」導彈曾與「標槍」反坦克導彈和兩種歐洲導彈集團研製的反坦克武器系統（崔格特中程反坦克導彈和米蘭03反坦克導彈）競爭英國陸軍的定單，結果「標槍」在與「長釘」的競標中敗北。

目前，性能卓越的「長釘」家族已經足步許多國家，成為世界上銷量最大的反坦克導彈系統之一。