《未來航母》CVX-78 尚未命名：最新型航空母艦

克里斯Chris

CVX-78

CVX-78 尚未命名航空母艦





原文:
The CVX is a new ship class that is the second and long-term part of the Navy's two-track strategy for aircraft carrier recapitalization. The Navy's vision for CVX is to develop a new class of aircraft carriers to significantly reduce total ownership cost and incorporate an architecture for change and flexibility, while maintaining the core capabilities of Naval aviation (high-volume firepower, survivability, sustainability and mobility) for the 21st Century and beyond. Achieving this vision will require significant design changes to incorporate advances in technology and to focus the design on enhanced affordability since little carrier research and development has been undertaken since the 1960's.

The Joint Requirements Oversight Council approved a mission needs statement (MNS) for a New Tactical Aviation Sea-Based Platform for the 21st Century, the CV(X), in March 1996. Among the potential alternatives that may compete with CV(X) in meeting the operational requirements of the MNS are the Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) and the Arsenal Ship, as well as land-based aircraft. For CVX purposes, in terms of aircraft spots, large is considered a ship carrying approximately 80 aircraft , medium a ship capable of carrying approximately 60 aircraft, and small is a ship capable of carrying approximately 40 aircraft.

The Navy's FY 1999 plan for CVX includes $40 million in RDT&E funding for feasibility and trade studies supporting CVX design and a Milestone I decision. The FY 1999 request for CVX also includes $149.5 million in RDT&E funding for the development of critical technologies. These R&D efforts include: advanced technology catapult, advanced propulsion concepts, enhanced survivability features, integrated information management technologies, automation for reduced manning, and computer aided design tools. These critical technologies are started in FY 1999 to ensure that CVX can reduce the total cost of ownership of its aircraft carriers and meet its required Initial Operational Capability date of 2013, when the first CVX is slated to relieve the 52 year-old Enterprise (CVN 65).

克里斯Chris

續：
CVNX-1 will feature a new design nuclear propulsion plant leveraging three generations of submarine reactor technology. The requirement for a new nuclear propulsion system reflects a need for a reduction in manning, maintenance, acquisition, and life cycle costs. This new powerplant will enable CVNX-1 to meet the large-scale electrical demands predicted for 21st century shipboard technology. A new electrical generation distribution system will also be a critical feature of the CVNX design. This feature will result in immediate warfighting enhancements in several areas:


Survivability. A redundant grid electrical system will enhance damage control features. Electrical auxiliary systems will require reduced maintenance and allow the ship to utilize all generated electric power more effectively than the current design, where the carrier cannot always efficiently access all power available.

Availability. Reduced maintenance and greater reliability will enable CVNX-1 to have a greater availability in reduced shipyard periods.

Flexibility. The advanced electrical features of this new powerplant will allow for the rapid reconfiguration of CVNX-1 to utilize advanced technologies, as they become available.

The tentative goals with CVNX-1 will also include a further reduction in operating costs and manpower requirements from CVN-77.


CVNX-2 will be the culmination of the evolutionary carrier design program started with CVN-76. Key features of CVNX-2 will include an electromagnetic aircraft launching system that will have reduced manpower and maintenance as well as lower wind over deck requirements for aircraft launch and recovery. This system will also extend aircraft life, as peak loads on the airframe will be reduced. This design utilizes technology similar to that used by European rail systems to propel ‘bullet’ trains. The benefits will be freeing the catapults from dependence on ship-generated steam, as well as an increase in available energy and a major reduction in both weight and volume. Consideration had been given to an internal combustion catapult that would utilize a combination of JP-5 and an oxidizer to propel the launch assist mechanism. A drawback to this system was the separate storage and piping systems required for the oxidizer, as well as the drain on JP-5 resources. CVNX-2 will be designed with modular architecture and systems that are reconfigurable to provide operational flexibility. CVNX-2 will have an advanced armor system to improve her combat survivability. Commercial systems will be adapted for use in ship operations, habitability, mooring, and maneuvering. An advanced weapons information management system will automate the process of weapons inventory control, weapons movement, and weapons deployment from the magazine to the aircraft. The long-term goals with CVNX-2 envision additional reductions in total operating costs and manpower requirements.

克里斯Chris

續:

The Navy remains committed to a 21st century aircraft carrier utilizing advanced technological applications. The goal is to create a sea based tactical air platform that not only retains the warfighting relevance of the NIMITZ class, but also is designed with architecture for change. This approach will allow the Navy to take advantage of maturing technologies that not only enhance warfighting capabilities but also provide opportunities to reduce life cycle costs. While this new ship will be the most advanced sea-based aviation platform ever deployed by the Navy, it will be an evolutionary progression of the current NIMITZ design. CVNX will have stealthier features than current carriers but will not be a completely stealth design. The stealth wave piercer design seen in speculative drawings is definitely not the shape of things to come.


The Navy has adopted an evolutionary design approach for future carriers, beginning with the CVN 77 as a transition ship and retains the Nimitz-class hull form largely unchanged through at least CVNX 2.

The FY2001 budget request included $21.9 million for advance procurement and advance construction of long lead time components for CVNX 1. The Navy's long-term plan is to provide full funding for CVNX 1 in fiscal year 2006. There are a number of castings for the large machinery associated with an aircraft carrier propulsion plant that have a very long production lead time. To maintain the schedule for CVNX 1 and deliver these needed pieces of machinery as required by the construction sequence, the Navy needs to obligate funds for some of these components in fiscal year 2001.

On 13 July 2000 the Senate authorized the Secretary of the Navy to procure the aircraft carrier to be designated CVNX-1. The Secretary may enter into one or more contracts for the advance procurement and advance construction of components for the ship, with $21,869,000 authorized for the advance procurement and advance construction of components (including nuclear components) for the CVNX-1 aircraft carrier program.

克里斯Chris

美國歷代航母服役年限表格:

克里斯Chris

CVX-78電腦繪圖：

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CVX-78電腦模擬圖:

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Specifications(數據)
Builder
Power Plant
Length	feet
Beam	feet
Draft	feet
Displacement	tons
Capacity
Speed	knots ( mph)
Crew
Aircraft

克里斯Chris

Ships(同級航艦)
Name	Number	Builder	Homeport	Ordered	Commissioned	Decommissioned
	CVX-78	Newport News		2006	2013	2063
	CVX-79	Newport News		2011	2018	2068

克里斯Chris

武器專題：

美軍新一代航母CVX計劃


　　為了滿足未來作戰要求，美國海軍從1996年開始啟動了CVX計劃，即新一代航空母
艦計劃。該計劃一啟動，就受到了從軍界到媒體，從西方到東方的廣泛關注。每當拋出
一種設計方案時，就要遭到媒體的「熱炒」。一時間，CVX計劃成為熱門話題——美國海
軍新一代航空母艦將會以什麼姿態出現在21世紀呢?

　　在先期的計劃籌備階段，美海軍CVX計劃辦公室制定了特定的設計目標，包括：

　　(1) 降低飛機對艦的輔助發射和回收的依賴；
　　(2) 增加飛機架次率能力，以對付未來的威脅；
　　(3) 改進C4I能力；
　　(4) 減輕上層建築的擁擠設計狀態；
　　(5) 達到同美海軍未來其它軍艦的高度通用性；
　　(6) 減少人力需求。

　　要求達到的戰技性能是：
　　(1) 能夠準確投射高密度火力；
　　(2) 具有良好的機動性和連續作戰能力；
　　(3) 有高度指揮控制能力；
　　(4) 增強生存能力；
　　(5) 具有靈活性和潛在的增加作戰能力的能力；
　　(6) 有良好的可承受性。

克里斯Chris

續:

　果然不負眾望，在以上設計目標和戰技性能要求的指導下，美國海軍設計出許多種CVX的方案，可見諸報端的就有21種(詳情請見《現代艦船》1998年第8期)，從載機類型到動力形式到甲板類型，都進行了多方案論證和組合。

從1998年中後期到1999年上半年，還可隱約不斷地得到一些有關CVX計劃的消息，甚至傳出CVX計劃要下馬的消息。這真是霧裡看花。現在情況已經非常明朗，CVX計劃非但不會下馬，而且經過權衡，由最高領導層決策，CVX將採用核動力作為動力源，將CVX確定為CVNX，2006年動工，2013年服役。

為什麼沒有選常規動力，而選用核動力，其中定有原由。據筆者推斷，主要考慮到核動力的巨大戰術優點和繼續支持核動力事業的發展兩方面原因，此外，新的常規動力推進方案的研究、設計、試制、試驗到實際裝艦的費用難以承受也是重要原因。