『每日軍事武器鑑賞』－ 軍用型 C-22 (客機,客貨機,全貨機)

克里斯Chris

C-22

The C-22B, a Boeing 727-100, is the primary medium-range aircraft used by the Air National Guard and National Guard Bureau to airlift personnel. The C-22B's unique arrangement of leading-edge devices and trailing-edge flaps permit lower approach speeds, thus allowing operation from runways never intended for a 600-mph (Mach 0.82) aircraft.

The aircraft has heated and pressurized baggage compartments - one on the right side forward and the second just aft of the wheel well. The two compartments provide 425 cubic feet (12.75 cubic meters) of cargo space. The fuselage also incorporates a forward entry door and hydraulically opened integral aft stairs in the tail cone.

The flight controls consist of a hydraulically powered dual-elevator control system with control tab to assist during manual operation. Hydraulically powered rudders use two main systems with a standby system for the lower rudder. The ailerons also are powered by dual-hydraulic systems. They have balance tabs on the outboard and control tabs on the inboard, which assures adequate maneuverability in the event of a total hydraulic failure. The flight spoiler systems assist ailerons and also function as speed brakes. The aircraft's tricycle landing gear consists of a dual-wheel nose gear, left and right dual-wheel main gear, and a retractable tail skid which prevents damaging the aircraft in case of overrotation. Nose wheel steering is hydraulically powered and controlled by a steering wheel to approximately 78 degrees in either direction. Fuel is contained in three main tanks inside the wing center section. Rapid pressure fueling and defueling is accomplished at the fueling station on the right wing. The total fuel capacity is approximately 50,000 pounds (22,500 kilograms) of JP-4. Fuel may be dumped down to 35,000 pounds (15,750 kilograms) from all tanks.

The C-22B requires four crew members and three or four in-flight passenger specialists for passenger service and safety. The avionics package includes one UHF and two VHF radio altimeters, variable instrument switching and two Collins FD-108 flight directors. A third vertical gyro and an additional VHF transceiver are available in case of failure of the primary systems.

The C-22B was introduced by the airline industry in 1963. It proved to be a major innovative design with its three Pratt & Whitney JT8D turbofan engines, one on each side of the rear fuselage and the third in the tail cone. Currently, there are three C-22B's in use, all assigned to the 201st Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia Air National Guard.

The C-22Bs are modified Boeing 727-100 series aircraft, out of production since 1969. Spare parts are increasingly costly and difficult to obtain as commercial operators phase out this series of Boeing 727 and supply sources dwindle. The current fleet suffers from numerous operational restrictions. The aircraft are aging and have high operating, maintenance, and support costs. Communication and navigation systems are old and fail to meet the new requirements for air traffic management and separation mandated by Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums (RVSM) and Global Air Traffic Management (GATM) requirements. The C-22B fleet fails to meet either FAA or International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Stage 3 noise and air pollution requirements. The Pratt & Whitney (P&W) JT-8 engines, which power the C-22B, are out of production and no new spare parts are being manufactured. The engines are expensive to operate, and emit more pollutants than newer, more fuel-efficient engines. The aircraft are heavily dependent upon ground support equipment, and are the only C-22Bs flying in the USAF.


The C-22 Replacement Program calls for a most probable quantity of four (one initial plus three options) FAA certified commercial intercontinental passenger aircraft reconfigurable to accommodate a minimum of 40 passengers and 7 crew (low volume, office environment with DV area) or a minimum 70 passengers and 5 crew (high volume passenger transport). The ability to reconfigure the interior for medical evacuation by installing 1 to 7 Spectrum 500 beds is also required. The aircraft shall be capable of dispatch on short notice to any suitable airfield in the world from operating locations at Andrews AFB, Maryland and shall be capable of non-stop flight from Andrews AFB, Maryland to Moscow, Russia and from Frankfurt, Germany to Andrews AFB, Maryland with 7 crew and 40 passengers. Worldwide clear and secure voice, facsimile, and data communications are required to support the passengers.

[ 本文最後由 jacklf2004 於 07-2-22 10:59 AM 編輯 ]

克里斯Chris

Specifications
Primary Function	Passenger transportation
Builder	Boeing Co.
Power Plant	Three JT8D-7 turbofan engines
Thrust	14,000 pounds each engine
Length	133 feet, 2 inches (40.3 meters)
Height	34 feet, (10.3 meters)
Wingspan	108 feet (32.7 meters)
Maximum Take-off Weight	170,000 pounds (76,500 kilograms)
Maximum Payload	20,000 pounds (9,000 kilograms)
Maximum Speed	619 mph (Mach 0.82)
Range	2,000 miles (1,739 nautical miles)
Endurance	5.5 hours
Crew	Pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer, flight mechanic, and three or four in-flight passenger specialists
Unit Cost	No longer available.
Date Deployed	1963.
Inventory	Active force, 0; ANG, 3; Reserve, 0.

克里斯Chris

(文章來自 :波音747)

克里斯Chris

747包含有將近六百萬個零件.第一架747-100廣體客機,在1968年9月30日出廠,並於1970
年1月做第一次的商業載客飛行;現今747家族已經有747-100, 747SP,747SF,747SR,
747-200,747-200B,747-200F,747-300等通稱為747-CLASSIC的成員,以及運用了較多數
位科技的747-400.747家族中,以747-400為目前民用航空器中,航程最遠,載客最多的機
種.波音公司本來曾有計畫發展載客量更多且沿用777線傳飛控(Fly by Wire)技術的
747-500,747-600與747-700,但是這個計畫目前已經暫停.波音747-400,也是目前還仍在
生產線上的747家族.747-400有四個版本:全客機,全貨機,客貨機與區域短程高載客量
機種.

747也有許多特殊目的的版本,波音總共修改了15架747為特殊用途.像大家所熟知的四架
(747-200/E-4B)空中指揮機;改裝自747-200,專門用來給美國總統乘坐的兩架"空軍一號"
VC-25A;由747-100SR改裝用來載運太空梭的747 SHUTTLE CARRIER;改裝自747-400F,用來
做為空中高能雷射反飛彈研究的747IS(Airborne Laser; ABL),以及為伊朗空軍改裝的
747空中加油機.另外,日本自衛隊亦改裝兩架747-400為VIP專機.大部分的747都改裝成
空中加油機.波音亦為美國國家空中防衛隊(Air National Guard)改裝三架747,軍用型
號C-22,做為運輸用途,但是筆者並未獲得關於C-22詳細的資訊.

波音也替美國空軍修改了19架仍在民航使用中的747-100,以備戰爭時,可以在48小時內,
修改為全貨機.747全貨機提供了全世界31%的載貨量,並提供近十年內美國空軍的載運服
務,包括在沙漠風暴中提供的散貨與超大貨件載運.

若依功能分類,747可分做客機,客貨機,全貨機.這三種功能不同的747,在外型上大同小異
,但在結構與載重量上,會因功能不同,而有差異.