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標題: 《改進航艦》- LSD-49 哈波渡口(Harpers Ferry)級船塢登陸艦 [列印本頁]
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 21:34
標題: 《改進航艦》- LSD-49 哈波渡口(Harpers Ferry)級船塢登陸艦
LSD-49 Harpers Ferry class
LSD-49 哈波渡口級船塢登陸艦 (懷德貝島級改進型)




原文:
The primary mission of the Harpers Ferry (Cargo Variant) ship is to dock, transport and launch the Navy's Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) vessels and other amphibious craft and vehicles with crews and Marines into potential trouble spots around the world. The ship also has the capability to act as primary control ship during an Amphibious Assault.

The ships were designed as a minimum modification variant of the LSD 41 Whidbey Island Class and contains the same lines and propulsion plant as the first eight ships. The major difference is that the well deck has been shortened to accommodate added vehicle stowage and cargo storage areas, reducing the number of LCAC's carried from four to two.

Dock Landing Ships support amphibious operations including landings via Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), conventional landing craft and helicopters, onto hostile shores. These ships transport and launch amphibious craft and vehicles with their crews and embarked personnel in amphibious assault operations. The ships combat load, transport and launch amphibious craft, or vehicles, together with their crews and embarked personnel, and render limited docking and repair services to small ships and craft.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 21:35
續:

Wheeled vehicles can be embarked/debarked via three methods: pier crane, ship's crane, or the well deck. The well deck will accommodate one (1) LCU or two (2) LCACs. Vehicles may be onloaded/offloaded via the well deck by either landing craft while the ship is ballast down or by dropping the stern gate and backing up to a quay wall. The ships are equipped with a hydraulically-operated stern gate.


This system has a watertight hinged closure located at the stern which swings out and down to permit entry of landing craft and vehicles into the well deck. The port and starboard hydraulic rams raise or lower the gate in approximately (5) minutes and provide positive control of the gate during travel. The stern gate can support the weight of two (2) AAVP7A1 Amphibian Vehicles, an M60A1 or M1A1 Main Battle Tank, or two (2) M923 5 ton trucks simultaneously.


Loaded LCAC's can be launched while underway on their own power. The ship needs to be ballasted at 0 - 6 inches at the sill. Loaded conventional landing craft (such as LCU, LCM-8, or LCM-6) are launched under their own power with the ship ballasted down sufficiently to float the craft. Amphibious vehicles (such as LVT and LARC-V) are launched under their own power with the ship ballasted just below the sill.

The practice of carrying AAVP7s and conventional landing craft in the same well should be avoided for safety reasons. It does not provide a dry well for an AAVP7 in trouble to return due to the ballasting for the launch of the landing craft. In addition, if AAVP7s are stowed alongside a LCU in the well deck there is not enough room to fully shore up the LCU, thus creating a safety hazard in heavy weather.

Lighting, visual landing aides, and flight deck facilities are provided to allow launching / landing, and VERTREP/hover under minimum conditions of day and night VFR. The two landing spots allow for operation of aircraft as large as the CH-53E.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 21:35
續:

When the Department of the Navy lift study was completed in May 1983, the authors realized the most critical shortfall not addressed up to that time was in cargo lift capability. Thus the follow-on to the LSD 41 class was born. At first it was to be a new class of ship; however, as the process of design approval continued, the Navy realized that considerable time and money could be saved by modifying the LSD 41 class, for the LSD 49 and beyond.

In the forward half of the LSD 41 well deck, in the area allocated for two LCAC, Naval Sea Systems Command designed a covered ramp with cargo space beneath. Other changes were necessary in various parts of the ship to compensate for the added weight, but essentially, the changes amount only to a broad modification of the baseline ship.

The class was called LSD 41 Cargo Variant class (or LSD 41(CV). In 1987, the Navy requested $324.2 million to fund one LSD-41 (Cargo Variant). USS HARPERS FERRY (LSD 49) was built by Avondale Industries in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was commissioned on January 7, 1995, the first of the United States Navy's four new cargo variants of the Whidbey Island Class (LSD 41) of Landing Dock Ships.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 21:36
續:

To achieve force level objectives, there were to be at least six LSD 41(CV) ships in addition to the mix of LHDs, LSD 41s, and other amphibious ships. Beyond that, the Navy expected to keep building the LSD 41(CV)s to sustain the lift capability as older ships retired. As of 1989 estimates were that 12 LSD 41(CV)s might eventually be delivered. Procurement plans provided for the Navy to request one LSD-41(CV) per year through 2000 in order to continue to meet the amphibious lift requirement.


In 1991 Navy requested $245,134,000 for the LSD -41 Cargo Variant, but the appropriations conferees provide no funds for the program. Due to cost growth in the program, in 1992 the House appropriated addition money for the LSD-41 cargo variant program, in the amount of $27,000,000 for 1992, $31,000,000 for 1994, and $30,000,000 for 1995. The Senate appropriated a total of $300,000,000 for the LSD-41 cargo variant ship program, in addition to the House figures for cost growth on the prior years program. Although no funds were requested for the program the following year, $300,000,000 was appropriated at the initiative of the House.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 21:36
Specifications(數據)
LengthOverall Length: 610 ft
Waterline Length: 580 ft
BeamExtreme Beam: 84 ft
Waterline Beam: 84 ft
Height177 ft., 2 in
DraftMaximum Navigational Draft: 20 ft
Draft Limit: 21 ft
ballasted - 21.48 ft FWD / 34 ft AFT [No Cargo
ballasted - 22.76 ft FWD / 36.11 ft AFT [w/Cargo]
DisplacementLight Displacement: 11547 tons
Full Displacement: 16400 tons
Dead Weight: 4853 tons
Compartments/ Spaces733
Propulsion 4, 16 cylinder Colt-Pielstick Diesel Engines
33,000 combined shaft Horsepower at 520 rpm
Propellers 2, 13.5 ft. controllable pitch blades
Speed 20+ knots
Well Deck Capacity:2 Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC), or
1 Landing Craft, Utility (LCU), or
4 LCM-8 Landing Craft, Mechanized (LCM), or
9 LCM-6 Landing Craft, Mechanized (LCM), or
15 AAV Amphibious Assault Vehicle
Weapons 6 - MK36 Super Rapid Blooming Outboard Chaff (SRBOC)
6 - .50 Caliber Machines Guns
2 - MK 38 25MM Machine Guns
2 - MK 15 MOD 12 BK 1 Close-In Weapons Systems Mounts
ComplementShip's force 24 officers, 328 enlisted
Landing force 504 Marines (incl. 102 surge troops)
Unit Operating Cost
Annual Average 		$20,000,000 [source: [FY1996 VAMOSC]
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 21:49
Ships(同級船塢登陸艦)
NameNumberBuilderCostHomeportOrderedCommissionedDecommissioned
Harpers FerryLSD 49 Avondale$157 MSan Diego17 Jun 198801 Nov 1994~ 2024
Carter Hall LSD-50 Avondale$128 MLittle Creek22 Dec 198930 Sep 1995~ 2025
Oak HillLSD-51Avondale$135 MLittle Creek 27 Mar 199108 Jun 1996~ 2026
Pearl Harbor LSD-52Avondale$258 MSan Diego 12 Oct 199330 May 1998~ 2028
CANCELLED LSD-53Avondale1993
CANCELLED LSD-54Avondale1994
CANCELLEDLSD-55Avondale1995
CANCELLED LSD-56Avondale1996
CANCELLED LSD-57Avondale1997
CANCELLED LSD-58Avondale1998
CANCELLED LSD-59Avondale1999
CANCELLED LSD-60Avondale2000
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 21:51
Harpers Ferry 電腦繪圖 & 車輛甲板、改進型貨艙、塢艙面積平面圖










作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 22:01
LSD-49 Harpers Ferry class 圖集:






作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 22:01
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 22:03
武器介紹:


「惠德貝島」級船塢登陸艦及其改進型「哈泊斯費裡」(Harpers Ferry)級


※哈波渡口級，本處譯為"哈泊斯費裡"



發展簡況

　 為了取代50年代服役的「杜馬斯頓」級船塢登陸艦和裝備當時正在研製的新型氣墊登陸艇，早在70年代後期美海軍已決定建造新型船塢登陸艦「惠德貝島」(Whidbey Island)級。在1978年海軍五年計劃中宣佈了該級艦的建造計劃，計劃建造8艘(LSD41~LSD48)。該級艦設計以「安克雷奇」級艦為基礎，首艦「惠德貝島」號於1981年8月動工，1985年2月服役，其餘7艘已分別於1986~1992年服役，前3艘在洛克希德造船建築公司建造，後5艘在阿馮達爾工業公司建造，最後一艘艦的造價為2.2億美元。

　 為了增加載貨能力，計劃建造5艘該級艦的改進型「哈泊斯費裡」(Harpers Ferry)級，現已建成3艘，已分別於1995~1996年服役，第4艘1998年4月服役，均由阿馮達爾工業公司建造。這兩型艦有90%是相同的，只是改進型在滿載排水量和裝載能力上略大些，部分艦體結構作了少量調整。

　 該級艦的主要任務是在登陸戰中運送和投入各種登陸艇(尤其是氣墊登陸艇)和車輛，並為登陸艇提供維修服務。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 22:04
[技術特點]

　 該級艦是美海軍最新的船塢登陸艦，是當今和下世紀初美海軍登陸戰艦艇主力之一，其主要技術特點如下:

　 1.體現均衡裝載思想

　 該級艦上層建築佈置在艦的舯前部，上層建築後部有寬敞的甲板，艦內有較大的裝載空間。因此，總體佈置體現了均衡裝載的設計思想。在這級艦上能裝載登陸部隊、坦克、直升機或垂直短距起降飛機，尤其是塢艙較大，其尺寸為134×15.24m，可容納4艘氣墊登陸艇，或21艘機械化登陸艇，突出了以裝載登陸艇為主、其它裝備兼顧的做法。


　 2.一艦兩型，便於運用
　 這兩型艦基本相同，主要在排水量和裝載能力上有所區別。改進型比「惠德貝島」級約重1000噸，可以裝載較多的裝備。由於裝載能力不同，艙內空間利用亦有區別。「惠德貝島」級貨艙容積為141.58立方米，車輛甲板面積為1161.3平方米。改進型貨艙容積為1914.2立方米，車輛甲板面積為1876.6平方米。因此，兩型艦的裝備搭載各有側重，「惠德貝島」級上登陸艇裝載量比改進型多一倍，而改進型其它裝備較多些。兩艦裝載不同，體現功能不一，便於靈活使用。


　 3.增強防空反導能力
　 該級艦上裝備了被動紅外/反輻射尋的對空導彈(射程9.6km，飛行速度2馬赫，戰鬥部重9.1kg)和多種小口徑艦炮，以及「密集陣」近程武器系統。尤其是首艦安裝了艦自衛系統(SSDS），並於1993年進行了試驗。該系統能組合和控制傳感器(如SPS49對空搜索雷達、SLQ32電子戰系統和SAR—8紅外指揮儀)和武器(如「密集陣」近程武器系統或對空導彈)，以縮短該級艦反巡航導彈的反應時間，增強自身的對抗能力。
　 　
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 22:05
[性能數據]

　 1.主尺度與排水量
　 輕載排水量：11125t 滿載排水量：15726t(LSD41~48), 16740t(LSD49以後)
　 全長：185.6m 艦寬：25.6m
　 吃水：6.3m

　 2.性能
　 航速：22kn 續航力：18kn時8000n mile
　 艦員：340人(包括21名軍官)
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 22:05
[裝備情況]

　 美海軍裝備8艘「惠德貝島」(Whidbey Island)級船塢登陸艦，計劃建造5艘「哈泊斯費裡」(Harpers Ferry)級船塢登陸艦已裝備4艘。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-12-12 22:08
[分系統]

　 1.動力裝置
　 主動力系統：4台科爾特公司的SEMT—皮爾斯蒂克16PC2.5V400柴油機，37440馬力，雙軸。
　 螺旋槳：1個可調螺距螺旋槳。
　

2.武器
　 導彈：1座通用動力公司的RAM艦對空導彈發射裝置，裝被動紅外/反輻射尋的導彈(在LSD41上作為艦艇自衛系統曾試驗過)。
　

艦炮：2座MK15六管20mm「密集陣」近程武器系統；
　 2門MK68 Mod1 20mm炮；
　 2門MK88 25mm炮(在LSD47和48艦上代替20毫米炮)；
　 8挺12.7mm機槍。
　

直升機：僅有供2架(CH—53)「海上種馬」直升機起降的平台。
　

3.電子設備
　 雷達：1部SPS49V對空搜索雷達；
　 1部SPS67V對海搜索雷達；
　 1部SPS64（V）9導航雷達；
　 1部URN25「塔康」戰術導航雷達；
　 1套MK XII UPX—29型敵我識別器。
　
火控系統：SAR—8紅外指揮儀。
　 電子戰系統：4座MK36 SRBOC六管誘餌發射裝置；
　 1套SL3(V)1電子戰系統(可能換裝為(V)2型)。
　 作戰處理系統：艦艇自衛系統(首艦安裝)。


　 4.軍運能力
　 陸戰隊隊員：450名
　 登陸艇：2艘(改進型)或4艘氣墊登陸艇；
　 或9艘(改進型)或21艘LCM6機械化登陸艇；
　 或1艘(改進型)或3艘通用登陸艇；
　 或64輛履帶式登陸車，2艘大型人員登陸艇。
　 坦克：22輛M60或20輛M1E坦克。


詳細數據，請參考:《先進航艦》- LSD-41 惠德貝島級(Whidbey Island)船塢登陸艦。


(完)



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