『 陸軍武器 』－ M1 「灰熊」(Grizzly)裝甲工程車

克里斯Chris

Grizzly [Breacher]





The Fiscal Year 2001 Army budget request included decisions to restructure or "divest" a number of programs in order to provide some of the resources to support its transformation to achieve the ambitious deployment goals outlined in the October 1999 Army Vision. The restructured programs are the Crusader and the Future Scout and Cavalry System. The "divestitures" include Heliborne Prophet (Air), MLRS Smart Tactical Rocket (MSTAR), Stinger Block II, Command and Control Vehicle (C2V), Grizzly, Wolverine, and the Army Tactical Missile System Block IIA. Funding for these programs was reallocated to fund the Army Vision transformation strategy.
The GRIZZLY [initially designated the Breacher] is an armored vehicle designed to breach complex obstacles including mines, berms, wire, rubble, and tank-ditches. The GRIZZLY will breach obstacles with minimal preparation creating safe lanes for other vehicles in the dominant maneuver force with little or no loss in momentum. The GRIZZLY's obstacle clearing features include a full-width mine-clearing blade and a powered, extensible excavating arm.


GRIZZLY is a Military Load Class 70 complex obstacle breaching vehicle which will integrate advanced countermine and counter-obstacle capabilities into a single survivable system. GRIZZLY will incorporate a full width Mine Clearing Blade (MCB), Power Driven Arm (PDA) for obstacle reduction and digging and a commander's control station (CCS) (crew compartment). It will have a remote fired 50-caliber machine gun and grenade launched screening smoke for self-defense. GRIZZLY will breach an 600 meter complex obstacle in 21 minutes and breach an antitank ditch in 5 minutes. GRIZZLY will be capable of breaching other types of natural and man made, simple and complex obstacles, creating a lane for vehicles to follow. It will integrate the technologies incorporated in the M1 & M2A3 chassis with the GRIZZLY mission modules. GRIZZLY is designed to provide the Digital Division with mobility support (i.e. counter-obstacle breaching) for Decisive Operations.

[ 本文最後由 jacklf2004 於 07-7-3 01:47 PM 編輯 ]

克里斯Chris

Based on a modified and refurbished M1 Abrams tank chassis, the GRIZZLY will employ armors and many components derived from various members of the Abrams family of tanks. The system employs a two man crew. Its mobility will be comparable to the Abrams Main Battle Tank and the Bradley Fighting Vehicle. The dominant maneuver force will support the GRIZZLY with ongoing direct and indirect fire and air support. The GRIZZLY will be deployed with selected engineer companies in mechanized battalions, armored cavalry regiments, and heavy brigades. GRIZZLY is employed as an integral part of the M1A2 SEP/M2A3 equipped digital maneuver battalion task force. GRIZZLY as part of the Breach Force and supported by friendly direct and indirect fires, will reduce threat obstacles and create a safe one way passage lane for an M1/M2 equipped force to follow. A GRIZZLY equipped task force can execute breaching operations with minimal preparation and with little or no loss of task force momentum or need for lane proofing.


GRIZZLY must provide an integrated, survivable breach system. GRIZZLY must provide breach lanes through simple and complex obstacles that allow the supported maneuver force to pass through and accomplish the force's mission. The required probabilities of two GRIZZLYs to successfully breach a lane is 0.95 (threshold) and 0.99 (objective), inclusive of blade and system losses due to mines, but exclusive of losses due to direct and indirect fires. GRIZZLY must breach lanes through simple and complex obstacles to allow the heavy maneuver force to conduct Decisive Operations. The probabilities of the GRIZZLY in providing breached lanes are a function of the GRIZZLY旧 breach capabilities and GRIZZLY survivability to direct and indirect fires, but also the success of the maneuver force at suppressing the enemy (threat) force, obscuring the breach site, and securing the breach site. Nearly all obstacles include mines, so survivability of the system and the blade to mines must be considered.
Doctrine calls for two lanes per task force with a recommended allocation of two assets to achieve one lane. The GRIZZLY equipped force must provide the task force a near certainty (a 99% probability) of achieving one lane and a high probability (approximately 90%) of achieving two lanes. Assuming that two GRIZZLYs are allocated to each of two lanes, the threshold value of 0.95 results in a 0.90 probability of successfully breaching both lanes and a 0.9975% probability of successfully breaching at least one of the lanes. GRIZZLY will provide a lane allowing 95% of the maneuver task force (threshold) and 99% of the task force (objective) to safely pass, excluding losses due to direct and indirect fires.


GRIZZLY will operate as part of a combined arms task force. The maneuver commander sets the conditions for breaching success through the execution of the Suppress, Obscure, and Secure fundamentals of breaching. Ideally, direct and observed indirect fires on the breach site are eliminated before the GRIZZLY is committed to execute the Reduce fundamental of breaching operations. Force on force combat simulation and threat assessments predict that the most likely direct fire threat faced by the GRIZZLY will come from dismounted teams providing fires on the obstacle and employing handheld anti-tank weapons (RPG type weapons). GRIZZLY is also exposed to indirect fires while conducting the breach. The specified conditions are representative of the type of fire mission expected against the GRIZZLY in the breach. These conditions equate to 60 rounds aimed/targeted at a box approximately 250 meters by 50 meters deep. These parameters will provide the inputs to existing models for development of the specific test parameters to measure compliance with this requirement. It is not intended that testing include the firing of 60 shells. GRIZZLY will provide resistance to perforation of the CCS against a 6-gun artillery battery, firing a variable time fuze, 10 round artillery salvo of 155 mm M107 high explosive with proximity fuze comparable to the M728 from 7,000 meters (threshold). The objective requirement is to provide resistance to top attack munitions.


「灰熊」(Grizzly)裝甲工程車

克里斯Chris

The Breacher program was initiated in FY92 as a result of lessons reinforced during Operation Desert Storm and as a consequence of the deferral of the Combat Mobility Vehicle (CMV) during the Armored Systems Modernization (ASM) restructure. The Army has leveraged the work conducted under the ASM-CMV Advanced Technology Transition Demonstrator (ATTD) program to accelerate the development cycle. A sole-source contract was awarded to United Defense, LP (formerly BMY) in September 1992 for Demonstration and Validation prototypes to be delivered in 4QFY95.


Following a significant increase in the GRIZZLY program's procurement objective to the currently planned 366 units, the Army's Acquisition Executive notified OSD that the Army designated the GRIZZLY program an ACAT II program and a covered system for LFT&E in June 1996. The GRIZZLY was added to the FY97 Annual T&E Oversight List for LFT&E only. This program is not an operational test and evaluation oversight program. The Army briefed a draft LFT&E strategy to DOT&E in April 1996 and received DOT&E approval of a revised strategy in December 1996. Dedicated LFT&E events begin in FY98 and extend through FY01.
There was one GRIZZLY test event supporting the LFT&E program during FY97. Testing conducted prior to this most recent effort consisted of developmental and demonstration/validation testing only. That testing, although generating valuable information for the product manager, did not provide relevant data for the LFT&E. A full-up, system-level test employing a prototype chassis was subjected to a mine detonation during FY97. This test challenged a mine clearing blade system that had been redesigned based on FY96 developmental test results. The redesigned mine clearing blade system survived the mine detonation and did perform in accordance with engineering expectations.


The program is in Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase and funded for First Unit Equipped (FUE) in 3QFY04 to 1 CD. Initial Operational Capability (IOC) is 4QFY04. United Defense (UD) finalized their EMD vehicle design 30 Jul 98 and will fabricate two prototypes for delivery to the government in 2QFY00.

克里斯Chris

相關表格


Program Milestones
MS 0:
MS 1:
EUE:
MS II:
LUT:
LRIP (MS IIIA):
IOT:
MS III (TC STD):31 Jan 92
13 May 92
29 Feb 96
17 Dec 96
Apr-May 00
Sep 00
3QFY02
3QFY03  BASIS OF ISSUE:

Army Acquisition Objective (AAO)...........	846
Army Procurement Objective (APO).............	366
APO distribution due to budget constraints:	Pending DA Approval
18, En Bns Hvy Div at 12 per Bn..................... 6, Hvy Div ORF at 1 per Div............................. 1, ACR at 6 per En Co....................................... 7, ENH Bdes at 12 per Bn 4, En Bns Corps (M) at 6 per Bn..................... 1, APS at 12........................................................ TRADOC Training Base.................................	216 6 6 84 24 12 6 (APG/EPG, FK & FLW)
Basis of Issue Plan (BOIP):.............................	12 per En Bn Hvy Div & Corps (M) 6 per En Co, ACR & SEP Bde

  

克里斯Chris

Grizzly 圖集

克里斯Chris

M1 「灰熊」(Grizzly)裝甲工程車

　　主要用於清掃雷場、清除障礙、填充反坦克塹壕等。它是美國為陸軍高機動性部隊研制的，1995年生產出2輛樣車，2000年開始小批量生產，2003年將開始裝備部隊。

　　“灰熊”裝甲破障車在M1主戰坦克底盤基礎上研制而成，在車首裝有一個有犁齒的掃雷鏟，用於清掃布設在地面和地下的反坦克和反人員地雷，可將埋設0. 38米深的地面翻出。為了提高準確率，裝有1個掃雷深度控制裝置。在車體頂部右前側，裝有1個動力驅動的伸縮式臂，最大伸展長度達9.14米。完全伸展時，其起吊重量為1.814頓。該伸縮式臂通常帶1個挖斗，挖斗的最大挖掘深度為5.27米。車輛呈行軍狀態時，該臂可沿車體頂部右側收回。

　　車體會頂部武器支架上裝有1挺7.62毫米機槍和1個40毫米槍榴彈發射器，車體前部裝有電動煙幕彈發射器，車內裝有集體式“三防”裝置。車上還裝有1553數據總線，以適應數字化戰場的指揮與控制要求。為車長配備了晝夜觀察儀器和攝影器材，車長利用操縱杆便可控制掃雷鏟、伸縮式臂和武器。

克里斯Chris

舊新聞：

以M1A1坦克底盤為基礎製造新型突擊破障車

來源: 新華網

該車將在美陸軍改進型M1A1"艾布拉姆斯"主戰坦克的底盤上製成。美海軍陸戰隊目前使用裝有鏟子的M1A1執行破障任務，但該項目官員稱，這種車輛無法掃清道路的全部寬度，因此輪式車輛無法從未掃除的地方安全通過，而突擊破障車的掃除寬度可以達到 3.96米。美陸軍和海軍陸戰隊曾有一個聯合項目，生產"灰熊"裝甲工程車，但該項目的經費在2000年初被取消。

克里斯Chris

[概述]:繼障礙清除車項目（COV）終止後，美國陸軍仍然需要戰鬥機動保障車（CMV）。其目的是為裝甲部隊提供集掃雷清障功能於一體的工程車輛。戰鬥機動保障車（CMV）將帶領裝甲部(分)隊在雷場、路坑、反坦克壕等綜合障礙物中為其它戰鬥車輛開闢安全通路。

1991年4月，BMY戰鬥系統公司（現為聯合防務LP的一部分）得到一項價值為10,945,000美元的合同，要求推出一輛CMV高級技術論證演示樣機（ATTD）。1992年9月，合同更改成過渡性的破障車—即近期以M1艾布拉姆斯為底盤的戰鬥機動保障車。

依據合同條件，BMY戰鬥系統生產出以改進型M1艾布拉姆斯主戰坦克底盤為基礎車的樣機，並作為政府提供設備（GPE）提交使用。最先的兩台樣機於1995年1月和2月出產，並於1995年1月到7月進行了公司方面的試驗。

1997年初，美國陸軍坦克—機動車輛司令部（TACOM）就灰熊戰鬥工程車工程和製造研製階段與聯合防務LP公司地面系統分部簽訂了一項價值為1.29億美元的合同。根據這一項為期52個月的合同，公司在許多方面對兩輛灰熊破障車樣機進行改進，計劃完工時間為1999年7月。公司會對正樣機進行公司試驗，直到1999年底才交付美國陸軍，繼而在阿伯丁試驗場進行範圍廣泛的用戶試驗。

聯合防務LP公司戰鬥系統分部的主要分包商有通用動力公司地面系統部（GDLS）（重型裝甲），通用微波公司（控深傳感器技術），格瑞道爾公司（挖掘臂）和潘塔斯特公司（超高頻頻譜系統）。

克里斯Chris

[裝備狀況]:樣機階段.預計美軍到2001年末會決定進行小批量初始生產（LRIP），並提供18-36輛灰熊破障車。美國陸軍目前總共需要366輛灰熊破障車。

[構造與技術特點]:灰熊破障車有車長和駕駛員兩名乘員，並排坐在安裝在經改裝的M1車體左側的裝甲上部結構內。乘員艙具有與M1艾布拉姆斯坦克相同的裝甲防護和生存能力，包括有輻射防護屏。乘員艙後部提供有緊急艙口。每名乘員的控制台均可控制整個車輛系統。灰熊的傳動系統上裝有包含向系統液壓系提供動力的的輔助動力裝置。該車為液壓部件和軟管提供有槍彈防護措施。

該車採用AGT 1500燃氣輪機動力裝置，通過動液變矩器聯接到經改進的XM1100 M1A1傳動系統，其機動能力與通用動力公司地面系統部的M1A2艾布拉姆斯坦克相當。灰熊採用帶改進型摩擦減震器和鎖定裝置的M1A2的扭桿懸掛系統和M1終傳動系統。履帶採用T158履帶板。

灰熊及其乘員配有的防護結構有防輻射和碎裂裝甲襯裡，自動滅火系統，尾氣煙幕施放裝置和煙幕彈發射器。配備的武器系統有一挺可遙控12.7毫米口徑M2機槍。

車前的全寬掃雷犁帶有自動控深系統（ADCS），能夠快速裝卸。掃雷犁刀呈V形配置，帶有23個可更換的松土齒，能開闢出寬4.2米、深310毫米的通路，每個松土齒長305毫米，可回收利用並裝有安全銷。當碰上岩石等硬質障礙物時，安全銷斷裂，松土齒將向後旋轉，但仍連在掃雷犁刀上。掃雷犁還有可反轉並可更換的切削刃，其截面呈圓錐形，利於向兩側排土。犁刀兩側折疊翼可在5分鐘之內縮短犁刀寬度，便於運輸。自動控深系統（ADCS）包括車輛方位角傳感器，犁刀松土齒受力傳感器和犁刀上的觸覺式深度傳感器。

在上部結構右側是液壓控制的挖掘臂，能夠進行挖掘、起重和抓提作業。挖掘臂為輕質單級伸縮臂，能夠在沿車輛中心線向左46和向右115的圓弧範圍內回轉作業。挖掘臂最大伸距9.2米，最小伸距3.3米，挖掘深度可達5.27米。伸縮臂完成伸長完後最大起重能力為1814千克。挖掘鏟斗可拆卸。

灰熊破障車裝有7部視頻攝像機，用以擴大作業時的視野。裝備的快速觀察系統（ROS）和觀察增強系統（ORS）用於在作戰環境下觀察車體的外部情況。

該車的所有作業都可通過四套視頻顯示裝置在有裝甲防護的車長控制台（CCS）進行控制。戰術信息可以以透明圖的形式顯示在視頻裝置上。所有系統都提供有電子自動控制系統和操縱桿控制裝置。車上還提供有過壓核生化三防系統。

灰熊破障車可用C-5A/B和C-17運輸機進行空運。

克里斯Chris

[其它]:生產廠商

United Defense LP, Ground Systems Division, PO Box 15512, York, Pennsylvania 17405-1512, USA