『每日軍事武器鑑賞』－ T-38"禽爪" 超音速教練機

克里斯Chris

T-38 Talon
The T-38 Talon is a twin-engine, high-altitude, supersonic jet trainer used in a variety of roles because of its design, economy of operations, ease of maintenance, high performance and exceptional safety record. It is used primarily by Air Education and Training Command for undergraduate pilot and pilot instructor training. Air Combat Command, Air Mobility Command and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration also use the T-38 in various roles.

The T-38 has swept-back wings, a streamlined fuselage and tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel. Two independent hydraulic systems power the ailerons, flaps, rudder and other flight control surfaces. The instructor and student sit in tandem on rocket-powered ejection seats in a pressurized, air-conditioned cockpit. Critical components are waist high and can be easily reached by maintenance crews. Refueling and preflight inspections are easily performed. The T-38 needs as little as 2,300 feet (695.2 meters) of runway to take off and can climb from sea level to nearly 30,000 feet (9,068 meters) in one minute.

Student pilots fly the T-38A to learn supersonic techniques, aerobatics, formation, night and instrument flying and cross-country navigation. More than 60,000 pilots have earned their wings in the T-38A. Test pilots and flight test engineers are trained in T-38A's at the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif. Air Force Materiel Command uses T-38A's to test experimental equipment such as electrical and weapon systems.

Pilots from most North Atlantic Treaty Organization countries are trained in the T-38A at Sheppard AFB, Texas, through the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training Program. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration uses T-38A aircraft as trainers for astronauts and as observers and chase planes on programs such as the space shuttle.

Air Education and Training Command uses a modified version, the AT-38B, to prepare pilots for fighter aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and A-10. and F-111. This model carries external armament and weapons delivery equipment for training. The Talon first flew in 1959. More than 1,100 were delivered to the Air Force between 1961 and 1972 when production ended. Approximately 562 remain in service throughout the Air Force.

An ongoing program called Pacer Classic, the structural life extension program for the T-38, is integrating 10 modifications, including major structural renewal, into one process. As a result, the service life of T-38s should extend to the 2010. Additionally, the introduction of the T-1A Jayhawk significantly relieved the T-38's work load.

克里斯Chris

Specifications
Primary Function	Advanced jet pilot trainer
Builder	Northrop Corp.
Power Plant	Two General Electric J85-GE-5 turbojet engines with afterburners
Thrust	2,900 pounds (1,315 kilograms) with afterburners
Length	46 feet, 4 1/2 inches (14 meters)
Height	12 feet, 10 1/2 inches (3.8 meters)
Wingspan	25 feet, 3 inches (7.6 meters)
Speed	812 mph (Mach 1.08 at sea level)
Ceiling	Above 55,000 feet (16,667 meters)
Maximum Takeoff Weight	12,500 pounds (5,670 kilograms)
Range	1,000 miles (870 nautical miles)
Armament	T-38A: none; AT-38B has provisions for external armament
Unit Cost	$756,000
Crew	Two, student and instructor
Date Deployed	March 1961
Inventory	Active force, 562; ANG, 0; Reserve 0

克里斯Chris

（文章來自:新一代教練機)

克里斯Chris

T-38"禽爪"(Talon)


　　T-38是美國諾斯羅普公司(現並入諾斯羅普·格魯門公司)研製的雙座雙發超音速中級教練機，用來取代美國空軍已經老化的T-33噴氣教練機，其研製計劃始於1956年。1959年4月，第一架原型機首飛，生產型T-38A則於1961年3月交付使用。到1972年1月停產為止，一共向美國空軍交付了1187架。

　　T-38的動力裝置為2台通用電氣公司J85-GB-5渦輪噴氣發動機，單台推力11.93干牛，加力推力17.13干牛。T-38的設計性能十分良好，並且飛行安全可靠，至今仍然保持著美國空軍超音速飛機的最好安全紀錄，1971年，T-38的事故率為1.2/100000飛行小時。美國國家航空宇航局(NASA)也用T-38來訓練宇航員，另外，我國台灣地區也曾購買了T-38中級教練機，作為飛行訓練之用。


尺寸數據：翼展7.7米，機長14.13米，機高3.92米，機翼面積15.79平方米，主輪距3.28米，前後輪距5.93米。

重量數據：空重3460千克，正常起飛重量5490千克，最大起飛重量5900千克，機內燃油2206升。

性能數據：最大平飛速度(高度11000米)l310千米/小時，最大巡航速度(高度l1000米)l010千米/小時，實用升限(50％燃油)16340米，爬升率(海平面)152米/秒，航程(最大燃油)1760千米，起飛滑跑距離756米，著陸滑跑距離930米。