『每日軍事武器鑑賞』－ SH-3「海王式」反潛直升機

克里斯Chris

H-3 Sea King






The H-3 is a twin engine, all-weather helicopter. The SH-3H model is used by the Navy Reserves to detect, classify, track and destroy enemy submarines. It also provides logistical support and a search and rescue capability. The UH-3H model is utility configured for logistical support and search and rescue missions. The VH-3A model supports the Executive Transport Mission. The first version of this workhorse helicopter was flown more than 35 years ago. The Sea King has been replaced by the SH-60F Sea Hawk helicopters as the anti-submarine warfare helicopter. The transition was completed in the mid 1990s. The remaining Sea King helicopters have been configured for logistical support and search and rescue missions.

克里斯Chris

H-3 AIRCRAFT DESCRIPTION Contractor: Sikorsky Aircraft, Division of United Technologies Type: General purpose, single rotary wing, twin turbine powered helicopter with emergency amphibious capabilities Available in Anti-Submarine Warfare (SH-3H/D) and Utility (UH-3H/SH-3G) configurations Power Plant: SH-3H/UH-3H: Two General Electric T-58-GE-402 turboshaft engines. Each engine can produce approximately 1,500 shaft horsepower. Standard since 1991. SH-3D: Two General Electric T58-GE-10 turboshaft engines. Each engine can produce approximately 1,400 shaft horsepower. SH-3G: Two General Electric T58-GE-8F turboshaft engines. Each engine can produce approximately 1,250 shaft horsepower. Accommodations: SH-3H/D: Crew of four (two pilots, two sensor operators) and up to three passengers UH-3H/SH-3G: Can be configured for up to 15 passengers in addition to the aircrew Performance: SH-3D/H helicopters are capable of airspeeds up to 120 KIAS. Endurance varies between 3.5 and 5.5 hours depending on the mission. Maximum allowable weight (SH-3H/UH-3H): 21,000 pounds Maximum allowable weight (SH-3D): 20,500 pounds Maximum allowable weight (SH-3G): 19,100 pounds Provisions for carrying up to 6,000 pounds of external loads can be added. Countermeasures: Not applicable Armament: Two MK-46/44 anti-submarine torpedoes Various sonobouys and pyrotechnic devices Mission and Capabilities: Class IB aircraft designed for both shore- and ship-based operations U.S. Navy missions have included anti-submarine warfare, search and rescue, and miscellaneous utility roles, including limited external cargo capability. In the ASW role, major sensors include: AQS-13 and AQS-18 dipping sonar systems, various sonobuoys, and the ASQ-81 Magnetic Anomaly Detector. In addition, airborne search and weather radar have been mounted on the radar. Fully configured instruments for all weather operations Capable of automatic approach to a stabilized sustained hover The Teledyne AQS-123 TACNAV, a Doppler-based tactical navigation system, is installed in the SH-3H and UH-3H. Provisions for installation of a Global Position System (GPS) are being added to some models.

克里斯Chris

Program Summary:

• The SH-3H completed its last active duty deployment in 1995 and has been replaced in the USN carrier force by the SH-60.
• Eighty SH-3H helicopters will be converted to the UH-3H model, which are expected to remain in service with the U.S. Navy in a utility role through 2010.
• The U.S. Naval Reserves use six SH-3H helicopters in the ASW mission.
• The SH-3H and UH-3H have undergone a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP), which included improvements to the airframe, electrical wiring, main transmission, and main rotor systems.
• SH-3D/G models and a few out-of-service SH-3H aircraft have not received the SLEP improvements.
• Significant aircrew safety enhancements have been affected by the addition of the Helicopter Emergency Egress Lighting System (HEELS) and Crash-Resistant Crew Seats.
• Installation of the Inflight Blade Integrity System (IBIS) for the in-service aircraft is planned during CY1996-97.
• Standard Depot Level Maintenance (SDLM) capability was transitioned in 1995 from organic to civilian contract depot support at PEMCO World Air Services, Dothan, AL.
• The H-3 is currently operated by numerous foreign governments, including: Spain, Egypt, Brazil, and Malaysia. These countries have active Security Assistance cases with the U.S. Navy for maintenance, logistics, and engineering support.

克里斯Chris

H-3 TECHNICAL DATA:

External Dimensions
Main rotor diameter
Main rotor blade chord
Tail rotor diameter
Tail rotor blade chord
Distance between rotor centers
Wing span
Wing aspect ratio
Length: overall, rotors turning
fuselage
Width overall
Height: to top of rotor head
Overall Height
Ground clearance, main rotor, turning
Elevator span
Width over skids

Areas
Main rotor blades (each)
Tail rotor blades (each)
Main rotor disc
Tail rotor disc
Vertical fin
Horizontal tail surfaces

Weights and Loadings
Weight empty
Mission fuel load (usable)
Maximum useful load (fuel and disposable ordinance)
Maximum Take off and landing weight
Maximum disc loading
Maximum power loading

Performance :
Never -exceed speed (Vne)
Maximum level speed at S/L
Rate of climb at S/L, OEI
Service ceiling
Service ceiling, OEI
Hovering ceiling
IGE
OGE
Range at S/L with standard fuel, no reserves

克里斯Chris

(文章來自：反潛直昇機系列）

克里斯Chris

海王式反潛直升機


海王式直升機除反潛型外，還有空中預警型，救援型，搜索型，支援型等。英軍海王式直升機多用作載運特種作戰小組，先行祕密登陸，實施搜索與襲擾作戰任務。

海王式直升機最大起飛重量為九千七百五十二公斤，最大飛速為每小時三百一十五公里，最大航程一千五百公里，機長二十二點一五米，寬四點九八米，機高五點一三米。 引擎二座Gnome H.1400-1T渦輪軸發動機，二千七百軸馬力。

在武器裝備部分，海王式直升機可配備四枚魚雷，美國的MK46，或裝備四枚Mark 11深水炸彈，或是裝備二枚空對艦導彈（英國的海鷹或法國的飛魚）等。海王式直升機有一套增強聲納系統，包括馬可尼公司的2069型聲納（有AQS-902G-DS聲學信號處理器）, 工作深度達七百英尺，磁信號探測器是AN/ASQ-504(V)先進磁信號探測器。航電設備是改進索恩-EM1搜索雷達。

克里斯Chris

海王式直升機


海王式的發展歷史可以回溯到1975年12月，當時美國海軍為了汰換老舊的HSS-1型（S-58），展開新型高性能直升機的研發計畫。塞考斯基公司為此提出一種採船形機腹、伸縮式起落架設計的大型雙發動機直升機，公司型號S-61型，首架原型機於1959年3月11日首度公開試飛。隨後美國海軍便採購了第一批共10架S-61B型直升機，軍方型號為HSS-2型，並自1961年9月起交機。1962年，海王式型號正式改為SH-3A型，並曾創下時速342.62公里的直升機飛行速度紀錄。1965年3月6日，一架SH-3A型海王式直升機從美國西岸聖地牙哥外海的大黃蜂號（Hornet，CVS12）航艦上起飛，一路橫越美洲大陸，降落於東岸佛羅里達外海上的羅斯福號航艦，創下直升機不落地飛行紀錄。

海王式直升機是一種艦載、陸基兩用直升機，機身為半硬殼全金屬結構，兩具發動機並排配置於機身上方，並搭配五葉式主旋翼及尾旋翼，尾旋翼位於機尾左側，右側則有一具水平尾翼。

除了美國塞考斯基公司所生產超過1,100架的S-61系列直升機外，全世界其他國家還採購了超過300架的海王式直升機，包括授權英國奧古斯塔偉士蘭公司（AgustaWestland）、義大利奧古斯塔公司（A-gusta）以及日本三菱公司（Mitsubishi）生產，使用客戶則有阿根廷、澳大利亞、比利時、巴西、加拿大、埃及、西德、印度、義大利、日本、卡達、馬來西亞、挪威、巴基斯坦、西班牙、英國等。

克里斯Chris

一、美國海王式

S-61型是美國第一種裝有旋翼自動摺收裝置的直升機，主旋翼能平行摺收於機身上方，機尾也能向右前方摺收。採後三點設計的海王式，主起落架為雙輪式，可收進機身兩側浮筒形的輪艙中，機身後段下方則裝有一個固定式尾輪。機身右側裝有一具滑動式大型艙門，左側則是一具開啟式人員進出門，駕駛艙並未配置艙門。

美軍採用的海王式直升機，反潛型號為SH-3型，通用型號為UH-3型，總統專機型號為VH-3型，另有衍生型CH-3型。

克里斯Chris

（一）SH-3型專職反潛任務

          1.SH-3D型：用於汰換SH-3A型的SH-3D型直升機，於1959年3月第一次試飛成功，1961年6月正式服役，機上配備2具通用電機公司（GE）T58-GE-10型渦輪軸發動機，每具出力1,400軸馬力，機組員4名。

          2.SH-3G型：另有SH-3G型，配備兩具通用電機公司T58-GE-8F型渦輪軸發動機，每具出力1,250軸馬力；

          3.SH-3H型：最後一型海王式反潛直升機為SH-3H型，機身全長16.5公尺，高5.1公尺，最大起飛重量9,450公斤，機上換裝兩具通用電機公司T58-GE-402型渦輪軸發動機，每具出力增為1,500軸馬力，最大航程997公里，機組員有4名。

                    SH-3H型機上裝有AQS-13、AQS-18型沉浸式聲納，AQS-81型磁性偵測儀，氣象雷達，以及Teledyne公司的AQS-123型戰術導航系統（TACNAV）等，並可攜掛2枚Mk44／46型魚雷。

                    美國海軍原有的80架SH-3H型反潛直升機已於1995年起被SH-60型汰換。而除役後的SH-3H型將被改裝為UH-3H型，並繼續服役至2010年。至於美國後備海軍使用的6架SH-3H型，則自1990年中期起陸續被SH-60F型直升機取代。

克里斯Chris

（二）UH-3型執行運補搜救：UH-3H型直升機主要用於後勤補給、運輸及搜救（SAR）任務，發動機與SH-3H型相同，最大起飛重量9,525.6公斤，最大航程804.65公里，續航力5小時，機組員5名，機艙內最多則可搭載15人。未來美軍的UH-3H型將會被CH-60型直升機淘汰。