『每日軍事武器鑑賞』－ AH-6「夜狐式」直升機

克里斯Chris

AH-6「夜狐式」直升機
AH-6J「小鳥」攻擊直升機
防禦者500

The Boeing (McDonnell Dougles) (formerly Hughes model 369) OH-6A, was designed for use as a military scout during the Vietnam war to meet the U.S. Army's need for an extremely maneuverable light observation helicopter (LOH program). The Hughes OH-6A Cayuse was quite effective when teamed with the AH-1G Cobra attack helicopter as part of what were known as "Pink Teams". The OH-6A "Loach" would find targets by flying low, "trolling" for fire, and lead in a Cobra, or "Snake", to attack. The OH-6A could be armed with the M27 armament subsystem, the M134 six-barrel 7.62mm "minigun" or the M129 40mm grenade launcher on the XM8 armament subsystem.

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Army Special Operations variants
Two special operations versions of the OH-6A are the "Little Bird" AH-6C armed variant, and the MH-6B transport/utility version, which can carry up to six personnel for quick insertion and extraction missions. A previous version, the EH-6B, was used for command, control and radio relay. The MH-6 Little Bird is the only light assault helicopter in the Army inventory. It provides assault helicopter support to special operations forces and can be armed with a combination of guns and folding fin aerial rockets. It has an unrefueled range of 250 nautical miles. The AH-6 Little Bird Gun, a light attack helicopter, has been tested and proven in combat. Armed with guns, Hellfire missiles, and 2.75-inch FFAR, it provides armed helicopter support to both ground and air special operations. The unrefueled range of the AH-6 is 250 nautical miles. These versions were all powered by a single Allison T-63 252 SHP engine.

Later versions are based on the successful Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) MD-500/MD-530 series helicopters. The latest versions of these aircraft, the AH-6J attack helicopter and MH-6J insertion and extraction transport, based on the MD-530F, feature a more powerful engine and improved avionics, including an embedded GPS/inertial navigation system and forward-looking infrared (FLIR). The AH-6J can be armed with two seven-tube 2.75 inch rocket launchers and two 7.62mm M134 "miniguns". The "Little Bird" can also be armed with .50 Cal. machine guns, MK19 40mm grenade machine gun, Hellfire missiles, and Air-to-Air Stinger (ATAS) missiles.

克里斯Chris

Defender 500
This foreign military sales helicopter is offered with either a four- or five-blade main rotor, depending on the model, with a weapons platform mounted on the lower rear body. This light utility commercial helicopter could seat five passengers in comfort, and is used mainly by the military, being very flexible and offering good all round capabilities. Other missions include: direct air support, antitank, reconnaissance, observation, and light utility. A single engine is mounted inside the body with air intakes on top of the cabin and a blackhole exhaust. The fuselage is teardrop-shaped a features a round, glassed-in cockpit and landing skids. External stores are mounted on weapons racks on each side of the fuselage. Each rack has one hardpoint. The tail fin is boomerang-shaped, swept-back, and tapered. The tail flats are back-tapered with small fins attached to the tips, with the flats high-mounted on the fin forming a T. The rotor is moutned on the lower left of the tail boom.

On 12 February 1998 the Boeing Company announced its intention to sell its commercial helicopter business. Boeing built commercial helicopters -- the MD 500 Series, MD 600, and MD Explorer -- in Mesa, Ariz., where it also produces the AH-64D Apache Longbow. As of early 1998 the facility employed 5,300, of which 350 were dedicated to the production of commercial helicopters. On 25 February 1998 Bell Helicopter Textron announced a plan to acquire the Boeing MD 500 and MD 600 series product lines, However, the transaction was dis-approved by competition authorities at the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in June 1998. Subsequently, on 19 January 1999 McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Co., the indirect subsidiary of The Boeing Company, and MD Helicopters Holding, Inc., an indirect subsidiary of the Dutch company RDM Holding, Inc., signed an agreement on an asset purchase of Boeing's MD 500, MD 600N?and MD Explorer?series of light commercial helicopter product lines. Included in the product line are the MD 500E and MD 530F?single-engine helicopters with conventional tail rotors, the MD 520N?and MD 600N single-engine helicopters with Boeing's exclusive NOTAR?no tail rotor system for anti-torque and directional control, and the MD Explorer series of twin-engine, eight-place helicopters. RDM is a European-based industrial group with aerospace activities. The company designs and builds diesel-electric submarines and builds and repairs ships, manufactures and overhauls military vehicles, and produces defense and aerospace products, including landing gear and transmissions for aircraft and helicopters. It is a subcontractor to Boeing for landing gear and fuselage assemblies for Apache helicopters.

克里斯Chris

VARIANTS
OH-6A/Cayuse: Developed initially by the Hughes Aircraft company (later McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Company) in the mid-1960s for the US Army. Fitted with 1x 253-shp Allison T63-A-5A turboshaft, 4 bladed main rotor, and an offset tail.
Hughes 500M: Military export version of OH-6 in mid-1970s with upgraded 278-shp Allison 250-C18 turboshaft engine, tail. A recontoured nose allowed for greater leg and head room. Modifications were also made to the rotor assembly by way of a five blade main rotor which increased stability.
MD-500MD/Scout and TOW Defender: Improved military version of the model 500 with 5 main rotor blades, 375-shp Allison 250-C20B turboshaft engine, and T-tail.
MD-500E/MD-500MG/Defender II: Had a more elongated nose for streamlining, and an optional 4x blade tail rotor for reduced acoustic signatures. Possible mast-mounted sight.
OH-6A/MD-530F Super Cayuse/Lifter: Upgraded engine to a 425-shp Allison 250- C30 turboshaft, and avionics in 1988 for the US Army.
MD-530MG/Defender: Has a mast-mounted sight, and incorporated upgrades of all previous variants.
AH/MH-6J: US Army Special Operations variant derived from the MD-530MG.

克里斯Chris

SpecificationsVariants in ? )?/b>
Country of Origin	USA
Builder	McDONNELL DOUGLAS
Role	ASW, scout, antitank, multimission
Similar Aircraft	BO 105, Alouette II
Blades	Main rotor: 4 or 5 (see VARIANTS) Tail rotor: 2 or 4 (see VARIANTS)
Rotor diameter	26 ft, 4 in (8 m)
Length	Length (rotors turning): 9.4 m (500), 9.8 m (530) Length (fuselage): 7.6 m (500), 7.3 m (530)
Height	2.6 m (500), 3.4 m (530 over mast-mounted sight)
Width	1.9 m
Rotor Diameter	Main Rotor Diameter: 8.0 (500), 8.3 (530) Tail Rotor Diameter: 1.4
Cargo Compartment Dimensions	Floor Length: 2.4 m Width: 1.3 m Height: 1.5 m
Weight	Maximum Gross: 1,361 kg (500), 1,610 kg (530) Normal Takeoff: 1,090 kg Empty: 896 kg
Engine	see VARIANTS
Fuel	Internal: 240 liters Internal Aux Tank: 80 liters
Speed	Maximum (level): 241 km/h (500), 282 km/h (530) Cruise: 221 km/h (500), 250 km/h (530)
Range	Normal Load (est.): 485 km (500), km 430 (530)
Ceiling	Service: 4,635 m (500), 4,875 m (530) Hover (out of ground effect): 1,830 m (500), 3,660 m (530) Hover (in ground effect): 2,590 m (500), 4,360 m (530)
Vertical Climb Rate	8.4 m/s (500), 10.5 m/s (530)
Standard Payload	Internal load: INA External load: 550 kg Transports 2 or 3 troops or cargo internally, or 6 on external platforms in lieu of weapons.
Armament	2 - M134 7.62-mm 6x barrel, Gatling type twin MG pods 2 - M260 2.75-in Hydra 70 rocket pods (7 or 12 each) 2 - .50 cal MG pods 2 - M75 40-mm grenade launchers 2 - MK19 40-mm grenade launcher 2 - TOW missile pods (2 each) 2 - Hellfire ATGM 2 - Stinger AAM

克里斯Chris

Survivability	Some models have radar warning receivers. Chaff and flare systems available. Infrared signature suppressors can be mounted on engine exhausts.
AVIONICS	The MD-500 allows for the mounting of a stabilized, direct-view optical sight in the windshield. Options exist to fit a mast-mounted, multiple field of view optical sight, a target tracker, a laser rangefinder, thermal imager, a 16x FLIR for night navigation and targeting, and autopilot. Optional avionics include GPS, ILS and full instrument weather conditions packages. The more advanced variants are fully capable of performing all missions under any conditions.
Crew	1 or 2 (pilots)
Cost
User Countries	At least 22 countries -- Argentina, Bahrain, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, USA Some 200 McDonnell Douglas 500-MD helicopters were produced under license by Korean Air between 1976 and 1984. At least fifty of these helicopters were equipped with TOW antitank weapons. The remainder were used as transports and for other support missions. North Korea acquired at least 60 Defender 500 helicopters during the mid- 1980s, reportedly through US dealers.

克里斯Chris

OH-6A

克里斯Chris

Defender 500

(文章來自：輕型運輸直昇機）

克里斯Chris

OH-6A直升機


性能諸元:

製造廠：休斯（Hughes）（後來被麥道併了，現在波音又把麥道吞了）
旋翼：五片鋁合金主旋翼及兩片鋁合金尾旋翼
主旋翼直徑：26' 4".4
尾旋翼直徑：4' 7"
機長（含旋翼）：30' 10" 機寬（起落架）：6' 5"
機高：8' 8"
巡航空速：119節 )
最高空速：130節
最高昇限：13800呎
最大爬昇率（分）：1650呎
滯空時間（無外載飛行）：2.5小時
空重：2007磅 O+P)"
最大起飛重量：3000磅 `
發動機：Allison 250B-C20B（420匹軸馬力）
燃油：JP-5（240公升）

克里斯Chris

補充”黑鷹計劃”中，相同機型內容：

黑鷹計劃中的是型號為AH-6的攻擊直升機，
AH-6與我國反潛用MD-500是有血統上的關係，
這兩型直昇機都是以OH-6為基礎改良而來，
MD-500有四種版本可供買方選擇

MD-500~以偵察為主可加掛火箭或機炮夾艙
MD-500/TOW~以加掛四枚TOW飛彈為重點機鼻加裝M-65光學觀測器
MD-500/MMS~主旋翼軸承上方加裝MMS光學探測器並且能加掛四枚TOW飛彈
MD-500/ASW~反潛型世界上只有26架其中台灣擁有12架西班牙擁有14架，台灣型另外加裝了一具對海雷達，西班牙型只能外掛一枚魚雷，並使用ASQ-81(V)2拖曳聲納。
MD-500/Defender II~以MMS型為基礎加裝了AN/APR-39 RWR前視光學瞄準系統，
強化了尾翼與電子系統為MD-500最新型。
一般來說MD-500的引擎以Allison 250 C20 420SHP的為主，
但使用者可以選購馬力更強的Allison 250 C30 650SHP。


AH-6家族則是以Allison 250 C30 650SHP這款引擎為主要動力，
但稍年長的AH-6系列是以C20與MD-500標準引擎相同，
AH-6又比MD-500系列更加強了電子系統與機身結構，
這樣可以使AH-6靈活度操控性大符改善，
戰場存活度亦能增加也能裝載更重的武裝，
AH-6被改良成能導引並且能攜帶地獄火飛彈，
並且擁有能在極端天候下使用的能力(酷寒或高熱天氣)，
飛行高度也較MD-500來得高，
並能加裝載運板架載運人員或是傷患，
機上通訊系統也能進行衛星通訊。

OH-6最後一個系列是MD-530MG
MD-530MG是以AH-6進行改良，
對AH-6的結構與電子系統進行更多的進化，
機鼻也從圓變成稍尖的造型，
加強了紅外線光學瞄準器，
主旋翼上加裝MMS光學儀，
使用Racal RAM 3000 databus電腦與MIL-STD-1553B匯流排，
加裝地形高度迴波雷達使其能精準貼在地表上飛行，
並且裝置GPWS地面迫近警告系統，
與雷射測距儀，
MD-530MG是一款名符其實的輕型攻擊直昇機，
也是OH-6衍生型中最新的一代。