『每日軍事武器鑑賞』－ RC-12 「護欄」戰術偵察機

克里斯Chris

Guardrail Common Sensor





The Guardrail Common Sensor [GR/CS] is a Corps Level Airborne Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) collection/location system that integrates the Improved GUARDRAIL V (IGR V), Communication High Accuracy Airborne Location System (CHAALS), and the Advanced QUICKLOOK (AQL) into the same SIGINT platform -- the RC-12K/N/P/Q aircraft. Key features include integrated COMINT and ELINT reporting, enhanced signal classification and recognition, fast Direction Finding (DF), precision emitter location, and an advanced integrated aircraft cockpit. Preplanned product improvements include frequency extension,


computer assisted on-line sensor management, upgraded data links and the capability to exploit a wider range of signals. GR/CS provides near real-time SIGINT and targeting information to Tactical Commanders throughout the corps area with emphasis on Deep Battle and Follow-on Forces Attack support. It collects selected low, mid, and high band radio signals, identifies/classifies them, determines locations of their sources, and provides near-real-time reporting to tactical commanders. The system uses an integrated processing facility (IPF) which is the control, data processing, and message center for the overall system.

[ 本文最後由 jacklf2004 於 07-4-7 10:56 AM 編輯 ]

克里斯Chris

Each system consists nominally of twelve aircraft which normally fly operational missions in sets of three. Up to three airborne relay facilities (ARF)/aircraft intercept communications, noncommunications emitter transmissions, and gather LOB and TDOA data. They then transmit this data to the IPF. The ARF/aircraft also serve as the relay platforms for communications between the IPF and the supported commands. The typical system configuration uses one Integrated Processing Facility (IPF), two or three Airborne Relay Facilities (ARFs), approximately nine (up to a maximum of 32) Commanders Tactical Terminals (CTTs), and an Auxiliary Ground Equipment (AGE) van. Special Purpose Equipment (STE) vans are included for maintenance and troubleshooting.

克里斯Chris

This system incorporates the Communication High Accuracy Airborne Location System (CHAALS) to achieve target locations for its COMINT system, and CHALS-X, which is a continuation of the project which developed the CHAALS precision location subsystem currently in GR/CS systems 4 and 1. The CHALS-X system provides the targeting capability required to support the Division Commander's requirements to locate and kill the enemy by providing for precise location of High Value Targets (HVTs). Airborne systems mixed with ground based systems will be capable of precisely locating enemy weapon systems and units (regardless of whether the enemy uses conventional or modern radios) producing target locations sufficiently accurate for first round fire for effect by organic artillery. It utilizes the previously developed Time-Difference-Of-Arrival/Differential Doppler (TDOA/DD) techniques and incorporates advances in electronics state of the art and distributed processing to provide for improved capabilities; increases frequency range, adds frequency hopping radios to the target set, and decreases size/weight/power requirements of processing subsystems (3 racks of computer equipment now reduced to two boxes which fit into a standard 19 inch rack).

GR/CS Targeting accuracy is also provided by the ELINT system. Ground to ground (including CTT) communications links also provide an interface with fixed locations and tactical users. Automated addressing to CTT field terminals provides automated message distribution to tactical commanders in near real time. Planned improvements include expanded COMINT/ELINT collection, LPI capability, embedded training, CTT(3 channel) retrofit, and automated reporting.

The Radio Remote Receiving Set (AN/ARW-83) is commonly referred to as the Airborne Relay Facility (ARF). The ARF consists of equipment installed in a modified Beechcraft Super King Air aircraft with a military designation of RC-12. The ARFs are manned only by the pilots during a mission. ARF mission equipment is remotely controlled by operators in the Integrated Processing Facility (IPF). The Guardrail systems currently in service include the Guardrail V (RU-21H aircraft), the Guardrail Common Sensor Minus (RC-12H aircraft), and the Guardrail Common Sensor (RC-12K/N/P aircraft). Guardrail Common Sensor (GRCS) combines the Improved Guardrail V (IGRV) Communication Intelligence (COMINT) sensor package with the Advanced Quicklook electronics signals (ELINT) intercept, classification, and direction-finding capability, and a Communication High Accuracy Airborne Location System (CHAALS). GRCS shares technology with the Ground-Based Common Sensor, Airborne Reconnaissance Low, and other airborne systems.

GRCS comprises a series of special purpose detecting systems - AN/USD 9B thru E. The GRCS systems are tactical, remotely controlled, airborne mission equipment, and ground-based intercept and emitter location systems. They have an external near real-time reporting capability that can be operated in six modes (local, isolated, remote, interoperable, training, or maintenance/calibration). These systems are assigned to a B company, military intelligence battalion, aerial exploitation, as part of a corps military intelligence brigade.

克里斯Chris

The GRCS System 1, AN/USD-9C, and System 2, AN-USD-9E, are the latest addition to this family. They have the additional capability to operate worldwide via the GRCS Tethered Medium Earth Terminal (TMET) and the Direct Air to Satellite Relay (DASR) Aircraft (RC-12Q). Other major system improvements are:

The new UNIX-based work stations.
Faster (Micro 5) mainframe computers.
The fiber-optics distributed data interface (FDDI) local area network (LAN).
The GRCS Data Distribution System (DDS), elementary special signals processing.
The GRCS Integrated Processing Facility (IPF) rapid deployment capability (two vans minimum vice four).
The entire system (less aircraft) will be C-130 transportable.
Information is processed and reported to joint consumers via TRIXS broadcast primarily over the Joint Tactical Terminal (JTT) which is a subsystem of the GRCS DDS.

A typical mission requires the aircraft to orbit to the rear and parallel to the forward line of own troops (FLOT). The IPF sends commands to and receives information from the Airborne Relay Facility (ARF) through a secure data link. The operators in the IPF process the collected information and report the intelligence to the tactical commanders and other possible joint consumers via the JTT relay on board the aircraft.

克里斯Chris

LIN / MODEL / Nomenclature Number of Operator PositionsMOS Z04118 -- AN/ARW-83 (V) 5-- Improved GUARDRAIL, AN/USD-9A Van #1:1198C, 98D, 98G Van #2:298C, 98G Van #3:498C, 98G Van #4:1098C, 98D, 98G    Z04300--AN/ARW-83 (V) 7--GUARDRAIL Common Sensor, Sys 1-- AN/USD-9C Van #1:1098C, 98G, 98J Van #2:1198C, 98G, 98J Van #3:798C, 98G, 98J, 98K Van #4:398G, 98J

克里斯Chris

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
Jun 84 Contract awarded for GR/CS Systems 3 and 4.
Dec 88 GR/CS (minus) System 3 fielded to Korea.
Jun 89 AC-12K Production award (System 1).
Aug/Sept 90 GR/CS Systems 1 and 2 IPF and ARF Production contracts awarded.
Aug 91 GR/CS System 4 fielded to USAREUR.
Apr 94 GR/CS FY94-99 Program and Acquisition Plan approved by HQDA.
Aug 94 GR/CS System 1 Fielded to FORSCOM.
REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT: ROC, 1 Oct 84, updated Nov 85 and revised in Apr 92.
TYPE CLASSIFICATION: GR/CS System #1 type classified LP.

EVENT SCHEDULE FISCAL YEAR	96	97	98	99	00	01
QTR	1 2 3 4	1 2 3 4	1 2 3 4	1 2 3 4	1 2 3 4	1 2 3 4
System 2	-----------	-----------	-----------	--1

克里斯Chris

PLATFORM CHARACTERISTICS:


                         RU-21H             RC-12D/H           RC-12K/N/P
Mission weight/payload:  10,200/1,126 lb    14,200/1,600 lb    16,000/2,000 lb
Cruise speed:            176 kt             200 kt             250 kt
Endurance:               4 hr               5(+) hr            5(+) hr
Max range:               1,000 naut mi      1,200 naut mi      1,200 naut mi

克里斯Chris

GUARDRAIL I RU-21 [1971]	GUARDRAIL II/IIA RU-21 [1972]	GUARDRAIL IV RU-21 [1974]
GUARDRAIL V RU-21 [1978]	GUARDRAIL V RU-21 [1978]	IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]

克里斯Chris

GUARDRAIL I RU-21 [1971]	GUARDRAIL II/IIA RU-21 [1972]	GUARDRAIL IV RU-21 [1974]
GUARDRAIL V RU-21 [1978]	GUARDRAIL V RU-21 [1978]	IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]
IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]	IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]	IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]
GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 3) RC-12H [1988]	GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 4) RC-12K [1991]	GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 1) RC-12N [1995]

克里斯Chris

GUARDRAIL I RU-21 [1971]	GUARDRAIL II/IIA RU-21 [1972]	GUARDRAIL IV RU-21 [1974]
GUARDRAIL V RU-21 [1978]	GUARDRAIL V RU-21 [1978]	IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]
IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]	IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]	IMPROVED GUARDRAIL V RC-12D [1984]
GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 3) RC-12H [1988]	GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 4) RC-12K [1991]	GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 1) RC-12N [1995]
GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 1) RC-12N [1995]	GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR (SYSTEM 2) RC-12P [1998]	GUARDRAIL COMMON/SENSOR RC-12Q [1998]
Auxiliary Ground Equipment (AGE) Van Flightline Test Set AN/ARM-163(V)