鐵之狂傲

標題: 《超級航母》CVN-68 尼米茲級(Nimitz)航空母艦 [列印本頁]
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 17:56
標題: 《超級航母》CVN-68 尼米茲級(Nimitz)航空母艦
CVN-68 Nimitz-class
CVN-68 尼米茲級 航空母艦



原文：
Twelve aircraft carriers form the centerpiece of US Naval global forward presence, deterrence, crisis response, and warfighting. In addition to their power-projection role, they serve as joint command platforms in the worldwide command-and-control network.

The carrier air wing can destroy enemy aircraft, ships, submarines, and land targets, or lay mines hundreds of miles from the ship. Aircraft are used to conduct strikes, support land battles, protect the battle group or other friendly shipping, implement a sea or air blockade. The air wing provides a visible presence to demonstrate American power and resolve in a crisis. The ship normally operates as the centerpiece of a carrier battle group commanded by a flag officer embarked in the carrier and consisting of four to six other ships, including guided missile cruisers, destroyers, frigates, replenishment ships and submarines.


The NIMITZ-class carriers are a floating airport, capable of launching as many as four aircraft a minute. The ship's four catapults and four arresting gear engines enable her to launch and recover aircraft rapidly and simultaneously. The ships carry seven different types of aircraft with a total complement of more than 80 planes. During flight operations, the flight deck of 4.5 acres is a scene of intense activity, with crew, aircraft and other equipment functioning as a well-rehearsed and carefully choreographed team to ensure both efficiency and safety. Four aircraft elevators, each the size of two average city lots, bring the aircraft to the flight deck from the hangars below. Small tractors spot the planes on the flight deck. Aviation fuel is pumped up from tanks below, and bombs and rockets are brought up from the magazines. Powerful steam catapults (affectionately known as "Fat Cats") can accelerate 37-ton jets from zero to a safe flight speed of up to 180 miles per hour in about 300 feet and in less than three seconds. The weight of each aircraft determines the amount of thrust provided by the catapult. When landing, pilots use a system of lenses to guide the aircraft "down the slope," the correct glide path for landing. The four arresting wires, each consisting of two-inch thick wire cables connected to hydraulic rams below decks, drag landing aircraft going as fast as 150 miles per hour to a stop in less than 400 feet. High in the island, seven stories above the flight deck, the "Air Boss" and his staff coordinate the entire operation, which is carefully monitored from the flight deck level as well as by the Captain on the ship's bridge. The various functions of the flight deck crew are identified by the colors they wear: yellow for officers and aircraft directors; purple for fuel handlers; green for catapult and arresting gear crews; blue for tractor drivers; brown for chock and chain runners; and red for crash and salvage teams and the ordnance handlers.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 17:57
續：

The NIMITZ-class self-defense measures include: missiles, guns, and electronic warfare. The NATO Sea Sparrow Missile System is comprised of two launchers with eight missiles each. Sea Sparrow is a radar-guided, short-to-medium range missile capable of engaging aircraft and cruise missiles. NIMITZ-class also has Close-In Weapon System mounts for short range defense against aircraft or missiles. Each mount has its own search and track radar, and a six-barrel, 20-millimeter Gatling gun capable of firing 3,000 rounds per minute

The carrier's two nuclear reactors give her virtually unlimited range and endurance and a top speed in excess of 30 knots. Eight steam turbine generators each produce 8,000 kilowatts of electrical power, enough to serve a small city. The ship has enough electrical generating power to supply electricity to a city of 100,000. The ships normally carrys enough food and supplies to operate for 90 days. Four distilling units enable NIMITZ-class engineers to make over 400,000 gallons of fresh water from seawater a day, for use by the propulsion plants, catapults and crew. The ship carries approximately 3 million gallons of fuel for her aircraft and escorts, and enough weapons and stores for extended operations without replenishment. These ships also have extensive repair capabilities, including a fully equipped Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department, a micro-miniature electronics repair shop, and numerous ship repair shops. Keeping a NIMITZ-class carrier ready at all times requires repair shops to maintain machinery and aircraft, heavy duty tailor shops to repair parachutes and other survival gear, and electronic ships that keep communication, navigation and avionics equipment in good condition. NIMITZ-class carriers boast all the amenities that would be found in any American city with a comparable population, including a post office with its own ZIP code, TV and radio stations, a newspaper, a fire department, a library, a hospital, a general store, two barbershops and much more.


USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) departed Newport News Shipbuilding (NYSE: NNS) on July 2, 1998 after a year-long period of maintenance and overhaul work. The ship returned to its homeport in Norfolk, Va. Work performed on Roosevelt included the replacement of all four ship propellers, blasting and painting of the hull, major renovations of onboard storage tanks and miscellaneous systems upgrades.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 17:57
續:

The USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) joined the fleet in 1990 as, concurrently, USS Coral Sea (CV 43) was decommissioned. USS Abraham Lincoln underwent a one-year comprehensive overhaul and a change of homeport from Alameida, Calif. to Everett, Wash. since its last major deployment in 1995. On 11 June 1998 USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) departed Naval Station Everett to the Arabian Gulf and back over a six-month period, the ship's fourth major Western Pacific deployment.


CVN 73, 74 and 75 were authorized to replace conventionally powered carriers as they retired in the 1990s. The Congress authorized full funding in 1988 for CVN 74 and 75. These ships are modified repeats of CVN 73.
The keel of USS Harry S. Truman was laid 29 November 1993 and the ship was christened at Newport News on 07 September 1996. Harry S Truman (CVN 75) completed acceptance sea trials on 24 June 1998, was delivered to the US Navy a few days later. The ship was commissioned and put into active service on 25 July 1998 at the Norfolk Naval Base in Norfolk, VA. At that time, the Navy's oldest active commissioned ship, Independence (CV 62), transitioned to the inactive fleet. CVN 76's keel has been laid for a 2002 delivery, and CVN 77 will enter the fleet in 2008, as the two remaining Kitty Hawk-class carriers are retired. CVN 77 will act as a transition ship toward CVX, incorporating numerous new technologies and process design changes that will move naval aviation to a future carrier design.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 17:57
續：

Technological improvements will begin to be seen in CVN-76 RONALD REAGAN, which will be commissioned in 2002. REAGAN will have a redesigned bulbous bow for increased propulsion efficiency and trim stability. Her aircraft elevators will also have greater capacity then those currently in use aboard her sister ships. According to studies conducted by the Newport News Shipbuilding Carrier Innovation Center, one possibility evaluated would be to remove elevator number one (on the starboard side, near the bow catapults) and simply make it part of the flight deck. Elevators two and three would be widened and strengthened to handle up to three aircraft. This would vastly improve aircraft operating efficiency. According to Rear Admiral Alfred G. Harms, Commander, Carrier Group Three, the number one elevator is?rarely used. Particularly at night because of the safety considerations." This improved flight deck layout would increase air operations safety as well as the ship旧 sortie rate. As a modified repeat of USS HARRY S. TRUMAN (CVN-75), REAGAN will provide an important step on the road to CVNX.


The Navy plans 33-month nuclear refueling Refueling Complex Overhauls for its Nimitz-class carriers beginning with the USS Nimitz in fiscal year 1998. On 01 May 1998 Newport News Shipbuilding was awarded a contract by the U. S. Navy to perform refueling and overhaul work on the USS Nimitz (CVN 68). The contract, valued at approximately $1.2 billion, was signed by Navy and Newport News Shipbuilding officials on April 30, 1998. Nimitz, the lead ship of the class, is also the first of its class to undergo this major life-cycle milestone. The ship will arrive in late May 1998 and the work performance period is scheduled to last approximately 33 months. In addition to the refueling of both of the ship旧 reactors, there will be significant modernization work. This includes a major upgrade of the island house that will involve the shipyard removing the top two levels of the island house and replacing them. This action is driven by the installation of a new antenna mast that runs down along the island and will provide for better radar capabilities. The shipyard is also integrating a new radar tower aboard Nimitz. The Navy elected to overhaul the Nimitz without adding cooperative engagement, integrated ship self defense, the advanced combat direction system, the rolling airframe missile, the SPQ 9 navigation radar, a common high-band data link, the battlegroup passive horizon extension system, an outboard weapons elevator, conversion of nuclear magazines, emergency ordnance handling, and improved propellers. More than 3,200 Newport News Shipbuilding employees will be working aboard Nimitz during peak periods of the overhaul and refueling project.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 17:58
續:

The second overhaul is scheduled for fiscal year 2001, and the third is projected to begin about fiscal year 2005. The overhaul of the Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69), scheduled for 2000, will be the ship's first and only refueling during a service-life expected to span approximately 50 years. On 12 February 1999 Newport News Shipbuilding was awarded a $169,790,050 modification to previously awarded contract for the FY 99 advance planning of the refueling and complex overhaul of Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) and its reactor plants. Eisenhower is scheduled to arrive at Newport News in late 2000 and remain for approximately three years. Other Nimitz-class carriers will follow so that a carrier will be in a shipyard undergoing a nuclear refueling overhaul for about the next 30 years, with the exception of about 4 years during this period.


The 1993 decision to close Naval Air Station Alameda, Ca. made it necessary to develop the facilities and infrastructure to accommodate one NIMITZ-class aircraft carrier in San Diego. The USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) is expected to arrive in San Diego in 1998. This will be in addition to the two conventionally-powered aircraft carriers, USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63) and USS Constellation (CV 64), presently homeported there. The nuclear-powered NIMITZ-class aircraft carrier is a much larger and deeper draft ship than its steam-driven predecessors. Thus, the dredging of the berthing areas, turning basin and the access channel adjacent to NAS North Island is necessary.

Aircraft carriers are generally estimated to have useful operating lives of 50 years.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 17:59
Specifications(數據)
BuilderNewport News Shipbuilding Co., Newport News, Va.
Power PlantTwo Nuclear Power Plant (A4W Pressurized Water Reactor)
Four shafts, Four propellers, with five blades each
Length, overall1,092 feet (332.85 meters)
Flight Deck Width 252 feet (76.8 meters)
Beam134 feet (40.84 meters)
DisplacementApprox. 97,000 tons (87,300 metric tons) full load
Speed30+ knots (34.5+ miles per hour)
Aircraft85
Aircraft elevators Four
Catapults Four
CrewShip's Company: 3,200
Air Wing: 2,480
Departments
Administrative
Aircraft Maintenance
Air
Chaplain
Combat Systems
Deck
Dental
Engineering
Legal
Maintenance
Medical
Navigation
Operations
Public Affairs
Reactor
Safety
Supply
Training
Weapons
Armament4 Sea Sparrow launchers
3 Phalanx CIWS 20mm mounts [Nimitz & Ike]
4 Phalanx CIWS 20mm mounts [Vinson and later]
Combat SystemsSPS-48E 3-D air search radar
SPS-49(V)5 2-D air search radar
3 Mk91 Fire Control AN/SLQ-32(V)4 active jamming/deception
AN/WLR-1H ESM
Service Life50 years
Unit Operating Cost
Annual Average 		~$160,000,000 [source: [FY1996 VAMOSC]
Total Costs
[$millions
constant $FY97]		Investment cost     Ship acquisition cost                   $ 4,059     Midlife modernization cost              $ 2,382     Total investment cost                   $ 6,441Average annual investment cost               $   129Operating and support cost     Direct operating and support cost       $11,677     Indirect operating and support cost     $ 3,205     Total operating and support cost        $14,882Average annual operating and support cost    $   298Inactivation/disposal cost     Inactivation/disposal cost              $   887     Spent nuclear fuel storage cost         $    13     Total inactivation/disposal cost        $   899Average annual inactivation/disposal cost    $    18  Total life-cycle cost                        $22,222Average annual life-cycle cost               $   444  [source: GAO]
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:00
Ships(同級航艦)
NameNumberBuilderHomeportOrderedCommissionedStricken
Nimitz CVN-68Newport NewsNorfolk31 Mar 196703 May 1975 2025
Dwight D. Eisenhower CVN-69Newport NewsNorfolk29 Jun 197018 Oct 19772027
Carl Vinson CVN 70Newport NewsBremerton05 Apr 197413 Mar 19822032
Theodore Roosevelt CVN-71Newport NewsNorfolk30 Sep 198025 Oct 19862036
Abraham Lincoln CVN 72Newport NewsEverett27 Dec 198211 Nov 19892039
George Washington CVN 73Newport NewsNorfolk 27 Dec 198204 Jul 19922042
John C. Stennis CVN-74Newport NewsSan Diego30 Jun 1988 09 Dec 19952045
Harry S. Truman
[ex United States]		CVN-75Newport NewsNorfolk30 Jun 1988 25 Jul 19982048
Ronald Reagan CVN-76Newport NewsSan Diego 08 Dec 199420022052
CVN-77 Newport Newsbuilding03 Sep 199820082058
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:01
CVN-68 尼米茲號 航空母艦 電腦繪圖：

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:02
建造中的CVN 71 部份資料：

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:03
CVN-68 Nimitz-class 圖集：





作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:03
續:





作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:03
續：





作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:04
續:





作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:05
完：







作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:07
武器數據:

NIMITZ CLASS(CVN)尼米茲級航空母艦

艦名:
尼米茲號CVN68
德懷特.D.艾森豪威爾號CVN69
卡爾文森號CVN70
西奧多.羅斯福號 CVN71
亞伯拉罕.林肯號 CVN72
喬治.華盛頓號 CVN73
約翰.C.斯坦尼斯號 CVN74
亨利.S.杜魯門號 CVN75
羅蘭德.雷根號 CVN76

標準/滿載排水量:
(CVN 68-70)72,916/91,487噸
(CVN 71)73,973/96,386噸
(CVN 72-73)102,000噸

全長:
(CVN 68-70)317公尺/1040ft
(CVN 71-72-73)332.9公尺/1092ft

全寬:
(CVN 68-70-71-72-73)40.8公尺/134ft

吃水深度:
(CVN 68-70)11.3公尺/37ft
(CVN 71)11.8公尺/38.7ft
(CVN 72-73)11.9公尺/39ft

飛行甲板:
332.9 ; 237.7(斜向甲板) x 76.8公尺
(1092 ; 779.8(斜向甲板) x 250呎)

動力來源:
2座A4W/AIG壓水式核子反應器260,000軸馬力驅動4具螺旋槳
緊急備用:4台柴油引擎10,720匹馬力

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作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:08
續：

最大速度:
30+節

彈射裝置:
C13-1型4座

人員數:
3184(203位軍官)
2800位飛行員(366位軍官)
駐艦司令部70人 (25位軍官)

續航力:
80萬~100萬英哩

武裝:
3座海麻雀防空飛彈
4座方陣快砲
2座反潛魚雷

艦載機:
20架F-14雄貓式戰鬥機
36架F/A-18大黃蜂戰鬥攻擊機
6架EA-6B電子干擾機
16架A-6E侵入者攻擊機(部份包含空中加油機)
5架E-2C空中預警機
6架S-3A/B反潛/攻擊機
8架SH-3G/H或SH-60F反潛直昇機
4架KA-6D
以後將汰除雄貓式戰鬥機及侵入者攻擊機換成JSF聯合打擊機及F/A-18E/F超級大黃蜂

簡介:
尼米茲級航空母艦是目前世界上排水量最大，載機最多，現代化程度最高的一級航空母艦，也是繼企業號航空母艦之後，美國的第二代核動力航空母艦。首艦尼米茲號1975年建成服役。該級現8艘在役，另有一艘在建造中，並計劃取代傳統動力航空母艦。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:10
武器介紹:

尼米茲號航空母艦
維基百科，自由的百科全書


尼米茲號航空母艦（USS Nimitz CVN-68）是一艘隸屬於美國海軍的超級航空母艦，也是一系列同級（尼米茲級核動力航空母艦）船艦之中的第一艘。1972年時正式下水的尼米茲號，其艦名承襲自第二次世界大戰期間曾任美國海軍太平洋艦隊指揮官的契斯特·尼米茲海軍上將（Chester W. Nimitz），該艦目前仍是美國海軍重要的打擊武力平臺，也是迄今為止全世界最大型的幾艘軍艦之一。

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作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:10
相關數據：

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作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:11
簡史:

尼米茲號於1976年7月7日部署至地中海，跟隨的軍艦有巡洋艦南卡羅萊那號和加利福尼亞號，這是10年來美國首次在地中海部署核動力軍艦。在平靜無事的巡航後尼米茲號於1977年2月7日回到諾福克港。1977年至1978年間的巡航也同樣平靜，但在1979年9月10日展開的第三次的巡航中，尼米茲號投入了鷹爪行動任務，這是一個為解救伊朗人質危機中於伊朗首都德黑蘭被扣留的美國人質，而發動的軍事行動。這次任務由於參與的直升機墜毀於沙漠中而告失敗，之後尼米茲號於1980年5月26日回到美國。

接下來的幾年裡，在一次意外中，一架EA-6B徘徊者式電子反制機墜毀在甲板上，造成14人死亡、45人受傷。

在1981年發生的錫德拉灣事件中，當尼米茲號的機隊在錫德拉灣上空進行飛行訓練時，兩架F-14雄貓式戰鬥機遭遇利比亞戰機的攻擊，在還擊時擊落了兩架利比亞戰機。

尼米茲號於1987年更換母港至華盛頓州的布雷默頓（Bremerton），並於1991年2月25日前往波斯灣參加海灣戰爭以接替游騎兵號航空母艦，並於1991年8月24日返回。並於1993年再次部署至波斯灣數個月以接替小鷹號航空母艦。在1996年的3月的台灣海峽飛彈危機中，尼米茲號被派遣至台灣海峽巡邏，以表示反對中國動武的立場。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-9-3 18:11
完：

在1997年9月1日，尼米茲號於環繞世界一週的巡航後回到維吉尼亞州的新港紐斯（Newport News, VA），進行服役壽命延長計畫（Service Life Extension Program），工程一直持續到2001年6月25日才結束，接著尼米茲號更換母港至加州的聖地牙哥。

在2003年4月，尼米茲號前往波斯灣接替林肯號航空母艦，以支援美伊戰爭。

尼米茲號於2003年11月2日回到聖地牙哥進行計畫中的保養和維修，並再次於2005年5月部署至波斯灣，在平靜無事的巡航後於2005年11月8日返回。



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