鐵之狂傲

標題: 《常規動力》CV-63 小鷹號(Kitty Hawk)航空母艦 [列印本頁]
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 19:59
標題: 《常規動力》CV-63 小鷹號(Kitty Hawk)航空母艦
CV 63 Kitty Hawk

CV-63 小鷹號航空母艦



原文:
USS Kitty Hawk is a conventionally powered aircraft carrier. Combined with the aircraft of Carrier Air Wing FIVE, it carries F-14, F/A-18, EA-6B, S-3 A/B, E-2CA aircraft and SH-60 helicopters, which give a multi-dimensional response to air, surface, and subsurface threats. KITTY HAWK underwent two overhauls in the Bremerton, Wash., Naval Shipyard in 1977 and 1982. The ship's most significant maintenance period, however, was a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard beginning from 1987 through 1991. That rigorous four-year overhaul added an estimated 20 years to the planned 30-year life of the ship.

Over a three month period in early 1998, nearly 4,000 shipyard workers, Sailors and contractors completed $65 million in repairs (over 500 major jobs) in the Complex Overhaul of the dry-docked Kitty Hawk. All four of the Hawk旧 screws were repaired (number three was replaced), and all the line shaft bearings were replaced. Containments were built around the shafts to maintain temperature and humidity levels while complex fiberglass work was completed. For the rudders, large holes were cut through the decks, and the rudders and all associated systems were removed. Refurbished rudders were then removed from the decommissioned carrier USS Ranger while that ship was in the water, to be re-machined and installed on the Hawk.

The aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk departed from Naval Air Station North Island on 06 July 1998, ending a 37 year relationship with the city of San Diego. USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63) departed to Yokosuka, Japan, on 15 July 1998 where it replaced USS Independence (CV 62) as part of a planned rotation of forward-deployed naval forces. USS Kitty Hawk arrived in Yokosuka in August 1998. Less than a week after arriving in her new homeport, civilian contractors from US Naval Ship Repair Facility (SRF), working with Kitty Hawk Sailors, began over 150 separate jobs. Projects range from repairing water-tight doors and hatches to replacing corroded deck drains. While a majority of the tasks are taking place in out-of-the-way areas, the largest job was replacing non-skid on the Flight Deck. Non-skid is an epoxy/sand compound used to protect the metal decking from corrosion and to provide traction for aircraft and personnel.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:00
續：

Built at the New York Naval shipyard as the second ship in the "Kitty Hawk" class of aircraft carriers, USS CONSTELLATION has more than 30 years of service, which have seen it sail from Yankee Station off the coast of Vietnam to the Gulf of Oman in the Indian Ocean. In February 1990, USS CONSTELLATION departed San Diego, returning to the East Coast for a three-year overhaul. The $800-million Service Life Extension Program (SLEP), completed in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in March 1993, added an estimated 15 years to the carrier's operational life. The overhaul saw upgrades to virtually every system on the ship, from the galleys to the engine rooms, and the flight deck to the anchors.


USS Constellation's Combat Systems Suite is one of the most advanced and capable in the fleet. SPS-48E three-dimensional fire control, TAS missile targeting and SPS-49 long-range air search radar systems operate together to allow the ship's Tactical Action Officer to accumulate and assess all hostile contacts. Enhanced by worldwide satellite communications and high frequency data links, information is available for anyplace, at any time. Other state-of-the-art systems, include the Aircraft Carrier Data system, Super High Frequency communications, Automatic Identification and Tracking, Joint Tactical Identification, and Positive Identification, Friend or Foe.

The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) can show charts of most of the world's waterways with the simple click of a button. It automatically plots the ship's position by Global Positioning Satellite and keeps a complete record, alleviating yet another time consuming job aboard ship. Available on less than half of the Navy' ships, ECDIS was installed aboard Constellation before its most recent Western Pacific deployment. Also new to the ship is the Flat Panel Display. Seven such displays, strategically placed around Constellation's Bridge and Auxiliary Conn, give the crew instant access to every piece of ship control data available on one notebook sized screen. The displays also make complex computations, such as what course and speed will create enough head wind to launch aircraft from the waistcatapults, automatically.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:01
續:

The recent integration of a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) computer system with the existing UNIX based system is the first step in a project that will ultimately provide a system which is easier to work with and maintain, and which will be substantially smaller and cheaper to operate. New software gives the Aerographer's Mates (AG's) the ability to detect holes in land-based radars and track overhead orbiting polar satellites and download their images. With the new computer, AG's can log onto the classified Internet and check the status of weather, download imagery from orbiting satellites, or "chat" with other Navy weather commands in real time. This new equipment is the prototype to a METOC system that's still on the drawing board - Tactical Environmental Support System Next Century (TESS NC). The Navy is currently using the TESS 3 version. With TESS NC, several Pentium processors in the OA Division office will be linked and provide the same functions as the current equipment, while generating a substantial savings of time and money.


USS Constellation's Intelligence Center (CVIC) recently augmented its intelligence capabilities with satellite communications and digital imagery technology. These new systems will allow the center to form a more complete and accurate picture of the battle space. The new satellite communication system Challenge Athena III (CA III) allows data to be transmitted and received at the rate of 1.54 megabytes per second, a near real-time connection with the rest of the battle group and other intelligence centers around the world. Digital imaging systems such as the Joint Services Imagery Processing System-Navy allow the battle group commander to plan and execute tactical Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) strikes by receiving images over the CA III satellite. Other new imagery systems include a Vexcel Scanner and Digital Camera Receiving Station (DCRS). The DCRS, in combination with the F-14 Tactical Aircraft Reconnaissance Pod System (TARPS) allows CVIC to collect near real time digital images from an airborne F-14 aircraft. Finally, CVIC has installed secure video teleconferencing equipment which can use the CA III satellite. These new systems have made Constellation's CVIC a powerful, versatile intelligence gathering center able to operate independently in a variety of operational situations.

USS CONSTELLATION returned to San Diego on July 22, 1993, following its third transit around Cape Horn at the tip of South America. On April 1, 1997 USS CONSTELLATION beginning a six month deployment to the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf. The USS Constellation Battle Group replaced the USS Kitty Hawk Battle Group which had been forward deployed for six months to a variety of regions including the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. In October 1997 the USS Constellation battle group returned home on schedule after a highly successful six-month forward deployment to the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Arabian Gulf. Carrier Air Wing Two (CVW-2), flew over 1,000 sorties in support of Operation Southern Watch enforcing the no-fly zone over southern Iraq.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:01
續：
USS America CV-66, a slightly modified variant of the Constellation, was de-comissioned on 09 August 1996 after a surprisingly short active career spanning three decades, and is presently in inactive reserve in the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF), Philadelphia, PA. America returned from its last deployment 24 February 1996, where its squadrons flew 250 combat missions over the skies of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ship and crew also distinguished themselves during Operation Desert Storm. America is the only carrier to have launched strikes against Iraqi targets from both sides of the Arabian Peninsula: Red Sea and Persian Gulf. The aircraft carrier was commissioned Jan. 23, 1965, at Norfolk Naval Shipyard. During its second deployment, America assisted with the rescue and medical treatment of crew members from the technical research ship USS Liberty (AGTR 5) after it was attacked by Israeli torpedo boats and jet fighters, June 8, 1967. America also completed three deployments off the coast of Vietnam, where it spent as many as 112 consecutive days on station.

The de-comissioning of USS America made room in the active fleet for the newly comissioned CVN-74 USS John C.Stennis. USS Constellation is slated for replacement by the new CVN-76 Ronald Reagan in 2003. USS Kitty Hawk is slated for replacement by the as yet un-named CVN-77 in 2008.
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:02
Specifications（敘述）
Power PlantEight boilers, four geared steam turbines, four shafts, 280,000 shaft horsepower
Length, overall1062.5 feet (323.8 meters)
Flight Deck Width252 feet (76.8 meters)
Beam130 feet (39 meters)
DisplacementApprox. 80,800 tons (72,720 metric tons) full load
Approx. 78,500 tons (72,720 metric tons) full load CV-66 America
Speed30+ knots (34.5+ miles per hour)
Aircraft85
CrewShip's Company: 3,150 - Air Wing: 2,480
ArmamentSea Sparrow missiles
3 Phalanx CIWS 20mm mounts
Combat SystemsSPS-48C
SPS-49
SPS-10f or
SPS-67
3 Mk91 Fire Control SLQ-29 EW
WLR- 1 ESM
WLR-11 ESM
Unit Operating Cost
Annual Average 		~$141,000,000 [source: [FY1996 VAMOSC]
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:02
Ships（同級航艦）
NameNumberBuilderHomeportOrderedCommissionedDecommissioned
Kitty Hawk CV-63NYSB CamdenYokosuka01 Oct 195529 Sep 19612008
Constellation CV-64 New York NSYSan Diego01 Jul 195627 Oct 19612003
America CV-66 Newport NewsNorfolk25 Nov 196023 Jan 196509 Aug 1996
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:03
CV 63 Kitty Hawk 電腦繪圖:

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:05
CONSTELLATION(CV 64) 星座號 電腦繪圖:

作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:05
小鷹級圖集：







作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:07
武器介紹:

KITTY HAWK CLASS 小鷹級航空母艦



艦名:
KITTY HAWK(CV 63) 小鷹號
CONSTELLATION(CV 64) 星座號
AMERICA (CV 66)美國號

標準/滿載排水量:
(CV 63)60,100/81,123噸
(CV 64)60,100/81,773噸
(CV 66)60,300/79,724噸

全長:
323.6公尺(CV63）,326.9公尺(CV64),319.3公尺(CV66)

全寬:
(CVN 63-64-66)39.6公尺

吃水:
11.4

飛行甲板:
長318.8m,寬76.8m

動力來源:
8座鍋爐，4台蒸汽輪機，4軸280,000馬力

最大速度:
32節

人員數:
2930(155位軍官)
2480航空兵(320位軍官)
駐艦司令部70人 (25位軍官)

續航力:
4000海浬/30節，12000海浬/20節

武裝:
3座海麻雀防空飛彈發射裝置，3座MK-15 20mm方陣快砲

艦載機:
20架F-14D戰鬥機
28架F/A-18大黃蜂戰鬥攻擊機
4架EA-6B電子反制機
16架A-6E攻擊機(部份包含空中加油機)
4架E-2C空中預警機
6架S-3A/B反潛/攻擊機
8架SH-3G/H或SH-60F反潛直昇機
以後將汰除F-14D戰鬥機及A-6E攻擊機由F-35及F/A-18E/F取代

簡介:
共3艘，均服役於60年代現役兩艘分別為小鷹號（CV63)和星座號(CV64)，是美國建造的最後一級，同時也是最大的一級常規動力航空母艦。該級艦每造一艘就有許多改造之處，說明常規動力航母的發展已走到了盡頭。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:09
武器專題(舊文)：

【獨家披露】攻伊前夕　小鷹號曝光

文/陳正杰


一 艘航空母艦就好比一座移動式的城市，艦上官兵動輒五、六千人，甚至常常比美國一個小鎮的人口還多，而艦上載運多達八十餘架的各式戰機以及超過二千公噸的巡弋飛彈等各種彈藥，使航空母艦宛如一座武器平台及活動的彈藥庫，成為美軍最有力的攻擊武力，美國海軍服役最久、戰功彪炳的航空母艦小鷹號就是最好的寫照。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:10
◆小鷹號任重道遠

一九六一年四月二十九日下水服勤的小鷹號航空母艦，至今服役已超過四十年之久，是美國海軍現有十二艘航空母艦之中歷史最悠久的航空母艦，正因為如此，小鷹號航空母艦的戰果也最輝煌，根據美國海軍的資料顯示，小鷹號航空母艦當時造價即高達四億美元，小鷹號也是當時美國海軍籌建三艘超級航空母艦中的第一艘，由造船技術頗負盛名的美國紐約造船廠一手負責籌劃與建造。

小鷹號航空母艦似乎是生來就要擔當重任似的，小鷹號完工服役之時，正是越戰方興未艾的時候，一九六一年，越戰初起，同年也是小鷹號正式下水服役，配屬美國海軍太平洋艦隊，也是當時太平洋艦隊所屬第一艘航空母艦，六四年美國宣布出兵援助越南，一直到七三年美軍撤出越南為止，小鷹號在西太平洋海域六次進出部署，擔當越戰期間美軍的攻擊與支援任務。

在越南淪陷之後，大批的南越難民搭乘小船逃難到公海上，小鷹號奉命執行人道救援任務，多次前往南中國海及附近海域搭救起成千上萬爭取自由的海上難民，並將其護送到自由國家。 一九七○年代末期，伊朗挾持美國人質期間，小鷹號奉命兼程趕往阿拉伯海附近待命，就近支援美軍解救人質，儘管那次拯救人質的任務最後失敗，但小鷹號航空母艦及其所屬戰鬥群在當地部署待命，壓制伊朗的蠢動。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:10
◆小鷹號老而彌堅

隨後，在美國與蘇聯對峙的冷戰期間，小鷹號奉命長年部署在西太平洋海域，並以日本的橫須賀港為母港，擔任美軍在西太平洋防止共產勢力往外擴張的第一道防線的中堅重責大任，除了就近監控北韓，防止其蠢動外，也持續密切注意中國大陸軍事的一舉一動。

一九九一年，波斯灣結束後，隔年，伊拉克再度不安於室，頻頻對美軍巡邏的戰機挑釁，小鷹號奉命立即趕往波斯灣海域待命，就近支援美軍必要的軍事行動。

儘管小鷹號航空母艦服役已逾四十年，不過，美國海軍認為小鷹號老而彌堅，甚至火力十足，不僅沒有任何將之除役的計畫，每每在國家面臨關鍵必要的時刻，最先想到要借重的武力就是小鷹號。

這次美國與伊拉克關係再度趨緊，美國總統布希不惜動用武力，準備徹底解決為害世界和平的伊拉克總統海珊，小鷹號航空母艦也再度榮膺重任，一馬當先，立即駛抵波斯灣待命，全艦官兵早已準備多時，一再的演練，士氣相當高昂，將在開戰的第一時間痛擊海珊。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:11
◎小鷹號隨艦採訪實錄

十多年前，當我還是菜鳥記者時，有個老前輩告訴我，「每個記者，一輩子，一定都有一次機會，會遇到一次真的像火烙印在心中，讓你永生難忘的採訪。」而這次採訪美伊衝突，就似乎帶給了我這樣的感覺。一個生在遠離波灣數千公里的台灣人，卻因為職業採訪的因緣際會，參與了這場美伊世紀衝突，看到了戰火下即將發生的傾國與傾城。

三月十四日，經過在巴林四天的等待，我終於搭上了往小鷹號的美軍飛機，而當飛機衝往小鷹號跑道，飛機在急速滑行下，突然被甲板繩纜勾住之後，在短短幾十公尺內停在甲板末端，我的一顆心也差點跳出來，還沒開戰，我已經先感受到比雲霄飛車還刺激的刺激。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:11
◆黃雀事件

雖然是冒著生命的危險，但能登上小鷹號採訪，我還是覺得很值得，這不只是因為我是台灣唯一一個登艦的記者，而且，小鷹號的確跟台灣很有緣，它曾於一九九四年八月間穿越台灣海峽，當時美國國防部的解釋是天候惡劣，因此必須變更航道；但真正令人印象深刻，應該是發生在一九九四年十月二十七日間發生的「黃雀事件」。

當時從小鷹號起飛的Ｓ│３Ｂ維京式反潛機，在山東半島外海兩百多海里的黃海國際公海上偵測到一艘中共核子潛艇，而小鷹號航空母艦正在偵測點三百二十公里外巡弋。這艘潛艇長一百公尺，排水量五千噸，配備有魚雷，是中國解放軍海軍所有的五艘核子潛艇之一。

從二十七日到二十九日之間，美軍不斷追蹤這艘潛艇的蹤跡，期間解放軍噴射戰鬥機也曾奉令緊急起飛，並飛至美國反潛飛機的目視距離。後來中共潛艇返回青島的主要海軍基地，這次接觸才告結束，小鷹號隨後也駛離。

此外，二○○○年二月二十三日，距離台灣總統選舉不到一個月，小鷹號離開母港橫須賀，航向台海區域，因為在這前一天，也就是二月二十二日，中國發表所謂「一個中國的原則與台灣問題白皮書」，其中威脅以武力統一台灣；當時雖然美國太平洋艦隊司令部說，小鷹號進行的是「事先排定的出海」，美軍在亞太地區的軍事部署及軍艦配置並未因中共發表的白皮書而有任何改變。但，二○○○年台灣總統大選，還是順利完成民主和平轉移政權，沒有受到中國威脅的任何影響。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:12
◆等待戰爭

也因為有這樣的一段機緣，我在小鷹號上的採訪，感到十分親切，而且拜美國國防部政策指示之賜，小鷹號除一些限制人員出入的敏感地帶，以及具有高危險性的飛行甲板等地，禁止我採訪外，我可在艦上可以自由活動，在用餐等特權上享受軍官待遇，而且除了艦長等少數幾位首席軍官和飛行員，其他官兵都被鼓勵接受採訪。

蘇泰元，是我最先有興趣採訪的小鷹號艦上美國大兵，不只是因為他今天到艦上才剛滿三天，而且他來自與我同一個故鄉台灣。二十二歲的他，高中才到美國新澤西州唸書，大三時志願加入美國海軍，目前在小鷹號上擔任航空兵，面對戰爭，他沒有想太多，只是不停的問我，遠在台北的父親蘇裕隆，是否能看他到的採訪報導，因為戰爭的關係，他已經有段時間沒與家人聯繫了。

貝爾，則是我在艦上遇到最親切的非洲裔美國黑人大兵，他總是咧著嘴在對著我笑，後來我才知道，他的日本妻子懷孕了，預產期是九月十一日，他正期待著戰爭結束，趕快回家與老婆兒子團聚，我一聽他這樣說，原本準備好想問他一些，類似「怕不怕戰死沙場之類」的問題，突然咽在喉嚨裡問不出來。

波斯灣的深夜並不寂靜，轟隆隆的戰鬥機夜航的聲音不絕於耳，不過，我本來就睡不著，所以也就不在乎，躺在約四十公分高的空間就寢時，唯一浮現在我腦海的，既不是布希鏗鏘有力的講話，也不是海珊那殺氣騰騰的樣子，而是蘇泰元與貝爾他們那想念家人的臉，因為那讓我真的、真的，真實的感覺到，一場戰爭的確可以帶給人們多少生離死別的殘酷。
作者: 克里斯Chris    時間: 07-8-31 20:13
關於本篇駐小鷹號特派記者的介紹：

◎陳正杰

出　生：一九六○年
學　歷：中興大學外文系畢業
經　歷：中央社國內部黨政組組長、記者
　　　　　中央社倫敦分社記者
　　　　　中央社駐象牙海岸記者
　　　　　中央社國外部助理編譯
　　　　　中央社駐波斯灣小鷹號特派記者








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