《改進航艦》- LSD-49 哈波渡口(Harpers Ferry)級船塢登陸艦

克里斯Chris

LSD-49 Harpers Ferry class
LSD-49 哈波渡口級船塢登陸艦 (懷德貝島級改進型)




原文:
The primary mission of the Harpers Ferry (Cargo Variant) ship is to dock, transport and launch the Navy's Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) vessels and other amphibious craft and vehicles with crews and Marines into potential trouble spots around the world. The ship also has the capability to act as primary control ship during an Amphibious Assault.

The ships were designed as a minimum modification variant of the LSD 41 Whidbey Island Class and contains the same lines and propulsion plant as the first eight ships. The major difference is that the well deck has been shortened to accommodate added vehicle stowage and cargo storage areas, reducing the number of LCAC's carried from four to two.

Dock Landing Ships support amphibious operations including landings via Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), conventional landing craft and helicopters, onto hostile shores. These ships transport and launch amphibious craft and vehicles with their crews and embarked personnel in amphibious assault operations. The ships combat load, transport and launch amphibious craft, or vehicles, together with their crews and embarked personnel, and render limited docking and repair services to small ships and craft.

克里斯Chris

續:

Wheeled vehicles can be embarked/debarked via three methods: pier crane, ship's crane, or the well deck. The well deck will accommodate one (1) LCU or two (2) LCACs. Vehicles may be onloaded/offloaded via the well deck by either landing craft while the ship is ballast down or by dropping the stern gate and backing up to a quay wall. The ships are equipped with a hydraulically-operated stern gate.


This system has a watertight hinged closure located at the stern which swings out and down to permit entry of landing craft and vehicles into the well deck. The port and starboard hydraulic rams raise or lower the gate in approximately (5) minutes and provide positive control of the gate during travel. The stern gate can support the weight of two (2) AAVP7A1 Amphibian Vehicles, an M60A1 or M1A1 Main Battle Tank, or two (2) M923 5 ton trucks simultaneously.


Loaded LCAC's can be launched while underway on their own power. The ship needs to be ballasted at 0 - 6 inches at the sill. Loaded conventional landing craft (such as LCU, LCM-8, or LCM-6) are launched under their own power with the ship ballasted down sufficiently to float the craft. Amphibious vehicles (such as LVT and LARC-V) are launched under their own power with the ship ballasted just below the sill.

The practice of carrying AAVP7s and conventional landing craft in the same well should be avoided for safety reasons. It does not provide a dry well for an AAVP7 in trouble to return due to the ballasting for the launch of the landing craft. In addition, if AAVP7s are stowed alongside a LCU in the well deck there is not enough room to fully shore up the LCU, thus creating a safety hazard in heavy weather.

Lighting, visual landing aides, and flight deck facilities are provided to allow launching / landing, and VERTREP/hover under minimum conditions of day and night VFR. The two landing spots allow for operation of aircraft as large as the CH-53E.

克里斯Chris

續:

When the Department of the Navy lift study was completed in May 1983, the authors realized the most critical shortfall not addressed up to that time was in cargo lift capability. Thus the follow-on to the LSD 41 class was born. At first it was to be a new class of ship; however, as the process of design approval continued, the Navy realized that considerable time and money could be saved by modifying the LSD 41 class, for the LSD 49 and beyond.

In the forward half of the LSD 41 well deck, in the area allocated for two LCAC, Naval Sea Systems Command designed a covered ramp with cargo space beneath. Other changes were necessary in various parts of the ship to compensate for the added weight, but essentially, the changes amount only to a broad modification of the baseline ship.

The class was called LSD 41 Cargo Variant class (or LSD 41(CV). In 1987, the Navy requested $324.2 million to fund one LSD-41 (Cargo Variant). USS HARPERS FERRY (LSD 49) was built by Avondale Industries in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was commissioned on January 7, 1995, the first of the United States Navy's four new cargo variants of the Whidbey Island Class (LSD 41) of Landing Dock Ships.

克里斯Chris

續:

To achieve force level objectives, there were to be at least six LSD 41(CV) ships in addition to the mix of LHDs, LSD 41s, and other amphibious ships. Beyond that, the Navy expected to keep building the LSD 41(CV)s to sustain the lift capability as older ships retired. As of 1989 estimates were that 12 LSD 41(CV)s might eventually be delivered. Procurement plans provided for the Navy to request one LSD-41(CV) per year through 2000 in order to continue to meet the amphibious lift requirement.


In 1991 Navy requested $245,134,000 for the LSD -41 Cargo Variant, but the appropriations conferees provide no funds for the program. Due to cost growth in the program, in 1992 the House appropriated addition money for the LSD-41 cargo variant program, in the amount of $27,000,000 for 1992, $31,000,000 for 1994, and $30,000,000 for 1995. The Senate appropriated a total of $300,000,000 for the LSD-41 cargo variant ship program, in addition to the House figures for cost growth on the prior years program. Although no funds were requested for the program the following year, $300,000,000 was appropriated at the initiative of the House.

克里斯Chris

Specifications(數據)
Length	Overall Length: 610 ft Waterline Length: 580 ft
Beam	Extreme Beam: 84 ft Waterline Beam: 84 ft
Height	177 ft., 2 in
Draft	Maximum Navigational Draft: 20 ft Draft Limit: 21 ft ballasted - 21.48 ft FWD / 34 ft AFT [No Cargo ballasted - 22.76 ft FWD / 36.11 ft AFT [w/Cargo]
Displacement	Light Displacement: 11547 tons Full Displacement: 16400 tons Dead Weight: 4853 tons
Compartments/ Spaces	733
Propulsion	4, 16 cylinder Colt-Pielstick Diesel Engines 33,000 combined shaft Horsepower at 520 rpm Propellers 2, 13.5 ft. controllable pitch blades
Speed	20+ knots
Well Deck Capacity:	2 Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC), or 1 Landing Craft, Utility (LCU), or 4 LCM-8 Landing Craft, Mechanized (LCM), or 9 LCM-6 Landing Craft, Mechanized (LCM), or 15 AAV Amphibious Assault Vehicle
Weapons	6 - MK36 Super Rapid Blooming Outboard Chaff (SRBOC) 6 - .50 Caliber Machines Guns 2 - MK 38 25MM Machine Guns 2 - MK 15 MOD 12 BK 1 Close-In Weapons Systems Mounts
Complement	Ship's force 24 officers, 328 enlisted Landing force 504 Marines (incl. 102 surge troops)
Unit Operating Cost Annual Average	$20,000,000 [source: [FY1996 VAMOSC]

克里斯Chris

Ships(同級船塢登陸艦)
Name	Number	Builder	Cost	Homeport	Ordered	Commissioned	Decommissioned
Harpers Ferry	LSD 49	Avondale	$157 M	San Diego	17 Jun 1988	01 Nov 1994	~ 2024
Carter Hall	LSD-50	Avondale	$128 M	Little Creek	22 Dec 1989	30 Sep 1995	~ 2025
Oak Hill	LSD-51	Avondale	$135 M	Little Creek	27 Mar 1991	08 Jun 1996	~ 2026
Pearl Harbor	LSD-52	Avondale	$258 M	San Diego	12 Oct 1993	30 May 1998	~ 2028
CANCELLED	LSD-53	Avondale			1993
CANCELLED	LSD-54	Avondale			1994
CANCELLED	LSD-55	Avondale			1995
CANCELLED	LSD-56	Avondale			1996
CANCELLED	LSD-57	Avondale			1997
CANCELLED	LSD-58	Avondale			1998
CANCELLED	LSD-59	Avondale			1999
CANCELLED	LSD-60	Avondale			2000

克里斯Chris

Harpers Ferry 電腦繪圖 & 車輛甲板、改進型貨艙、塢艙面積平面圖

克里斯Chris

LSD-49 Harpers Ferry class 圖集:

克里斯Chris

克里斯Chris

武器介紹:


「惠德貝島」級船塢登陸艦及其改進型「哈泊斯費裡」(Harpers Ferry)級


※哈波渡口級，本處譯為"哈泊斯費裡"



發展簡況

　 為了取代50年代服役的「杜馬斯頓」級船塢登陸艦和裝備當時正在研製的新型氣墊登陸艇，早在70年代後期美海軍已決定建造新型船塢登陸艦「惠德貝島」(Whidbey Island)級。在1978年海軍五年計劃中宣佈了該級艦的建造計劃，計劃建造8艘(LSD41~LSD48)。該級艦設計以「安克雷奇」級艦為基礎，首艦「惠德貝島」號於1981年8月動工，1985年2月服役，其餘7艘已分別於1986~1992年服役，前3艘在洛克希德造船建築公司建造，後5艘在阿馮達爾工業公司建造，最後一艘艦的造價為2.2億美元。

　 為了增加載貨能力，計劃建造5艘該級艦的改進型「哈泊斯費裡」(Harpers Ferry)級，現已建成3艘，已分別於1995~1996年服役，第4艘1998年4月服役，均由阿馮達爾工業公司建造。這兩型艦有90%是相同的，只是改進型在滿載排水量和裝載能力上略大些，部分艦體結構作了少量調整。

　 該級艦的主要任務是在登陸戰中運送和投入各種登陸艇(尤其是氣墊登陸艇)和車輛，並為登陸艇提供維修服務。