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SSN-594 Permit class
SSN-594(Thresher Class)

SSN-594"金鯧魚級"攻擊核潛艇
SSN-594"長尾鯊級"攻擊核潛艇 




註:此級艦艇英文命名共兩組、但中譯與漢翻的版本卻很多,標題仍以英文第二組官方翻譯為主。

以下是該級艦的各類翻譯:

"大參魚"、"金鯧魚"、"許可證"



原文:

In 1956 Admiral Arleigh Burke, then CNO, requested that the Committee on Undersea Warfare of the National Academy of Sciences to study the effect of advanced technology on submarine warfare. The result of this study, dubbed "Project Nobska" was an increased emphasis on deeper-diving, ultraquiet designs utilizing long-range sonar. The Permit class was based on Project Nobska旧 recommendations. Hull streamlining, reduction in sail dimensions by approximately 50%, quieting of the propulsion plant and an increase in test depth all led to a dramatic advance in submarine operational capabilities and stealth.

The SSN-594 Permit class was the world's first modern, quiet, deep-diving fast attack submarines, integrating such advanced features as a hydrodynamically shaped hull, a large bow mounted sonar array, advanced sound-silencing features, and an integrated control/attack center with the proven S5W reactor plant. These submarines were a major advance over previous submarine designs, and established the pattern of all successive American attack submarine classes, in several extremely important respects:


They were the first submarines to have hulls constructed of High Yield-80 (HY-80) steel alloy, which allowed operations at substantially greater depths than previous submarines.

They were the first submarines to have raft mountings for turbines, motors and other equipment, resulting in substantially quieter operations.

They were the first submarines to have a large bow-mounted sonar requiring the installation of torpedo tubes amidships, aft of the forward crew compartment.


Although they were larger than the previous SSN 585 Skipjack class, and used the same nuclear power plant, their hull design did not compromise their underwater speed. Designed for prolonged periods submerged, they were limited only by the amount of food that she can carry, and were capable of sustained operation at high speed.

These submarines were originally designated the THRESHER class, but the USS Thresher (SSN 593) was lost 200 miles off the coast of New England on 10 April 1963. According to investigators, a seawater pipe in the aft engine spaces broke, spraying water into the engine room and shorting one of the main electrical bus boards. The sub lost electrical power and couldn't operate the reactor. Darkness, a sea mist, and sheer terror inhibited the crew from manually actuating the valves. The aft part of the sub filled up with water and tilted down. With no power to get back on line, the sub drifted down to crush depth and imploded. A ghastly death for an entire crew, and one the US Navy vowed never to allow happen again.
 

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續:

The ill-fated USS Thresher (SSN-593) and her crew did not suffer in vain. Out of that terror and the lessons learned grew the SubSafe Program. Through this program, every submarine in the US Fleet, every pressure hull integrity-related system aboard those subs, and every pressure-related part within those systems must be certified as being 100% safe for use on a submarine. The goals are to ensure that in case of a casualty, the ship and its crew can be recovered and to ensure that the integrity of the material used on the ship can operate at design test depth. Directly related to the Thresher tragedy, sea-connected joints can no longer be brazed; they must now be welded. The SubSafe program brought other controls, too. Now when an emergency arises aboard a sub, all vital equipment which sailors would need quick access to in the event of an emergency is clearly marked and easily accessible. At all times an operator is one second away from flipping the emergency main ballast tanks to vent, so the sub can rise to the surface.


The Navy took other steps to ensure such a tragedy never occur again. Following the recommendations of a special Presidential Deep Submergence Review Group, the Deep Submergence Rescue System was developed in the mid-1960s. The deep submergence rescue vehicles Mystic (DSRV 1) and Avalon (DSRV 2) of the Deep Submergence Unit are the genesis of that program.

The last three units of this class [Flasher, Greenling, Gato] were modified during construction to incorporate lessons learned from the loss of the Thresher. Fitted with heavier machinery and a larger sail, they were ten feet longer than the other units of the class to correct stability problems caused by weight growth.

The SSN 605 Jack was fitted with an experimental direct-drive propulsion system coupled with a pair of counter-rotating propellers. The engine spaces were lengthened by ten feet and the shaft was lengthened by seven feet to accomodate this additional equipment. Although counter-rotating propellers had previously produced impressive gains in speed on the experimental Albacore, in this instance the results were disappointing and led to the abandoment of this approach in subsequent submarine design.
 

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Specifications(數據)
Displacement 4,200 tons submerged
3,540 tons Light Displacement
Length 278 feet
297 feet SSN-605
292 feet SSN-613-615
Beam 32 feet
Draft 28 ft Maximum Navigational Draft
Speed official - 20-plus knots
actual - 30 knots [35 mph] submerged
actual - 15 knots [17 mph] tactical
Operating Depthofficial: 400 feet
Actual: 1300 feet [400 meters] test depth
Actual: 1900 feet [600 meters] collapse depth
Construction High Yield-80 (HY-80) steel alloy
Power Plant One S5W nuclear reactor
two steam turbines, one shaft, 15,000 shp
Armament MK 48 Torpedoes, four torpedo tubes
UUM-44A SUBROC
UGM-84A/C Harpoon
MK 57 deep water mines
MK 60 CAPTOR mines
Sensors BQQ-5 bow-mounted sonar
TB-16 Towed Sonar Array
Complement 143
Unit Operating Cost
Annual Average
$10,000,000 [source: [FY1996 VAMOSC]
Builders SSNs 594, 595, Mare Island Naval Shipyard; 596, 607, 621, Ingalls Shipbuilding; 603, 604, 612, New York Shipbuilding; 605, 606, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; 613-615, General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division
 

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Ships(同級潛艦)
NameNumberBuilderHomeportOrderedCommissionedDecommissioned
Thresher SSN-593Portsmouth NSYPortsmouth15 Jan 195803 Aug 196110 Apr 1963
Permit SSN-594Mare Island NSYSan Diego27 Jan 195829 May 196223 Jul 1991
PlungerSSN-595Mare Island NSY23 Mar 195921 Nov 196202 Feb 1990
BarbSSN-596Ingalls 195824 Aug 196310 Mar 1989
PollackSSN-603New York SB03 Mar 195926 May 196401 Mar 1989
HaddoSSN-604New York SBSan Diego03 Mar 195916 Dec 196412 Jun 1991
JackSSN-605Portsmouth NSYNew London13 Mar 195931 Mar 196711 Jul 1990
Tinosa SSN-606Portsmouth NSYNew London17 Dec 195817 Nov 196415 Jan 1992
DaceSSN-607Ingalls 03 Mar 195904 Apr 196402 Dec 1988
Guardfish SSN-612New York SBSan Diego09 Jun 196020 Dec 196604 Feb 1992
Flasher SSN-613Electric Boat San Diego09 Jun 196022 Jul 196614 Sep 1992
Greenling SSN-614Electric Boat Portsmouth09 Jun 196003 Nov 196718 Apr 1994
Gato SSN-615Electric Boat New London09 Jun 196025 Jan 196825 Apr 1996
Haddock SSN-621Ingalls Vallejo24 Aug 196022 Dec 196707 Apr 1993
 

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SSN-594 Permit class  電腦繪圖 與 實體艦造:

  
 

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首先我們來探討翻譯問題:

提供者:松柏長青

前陣子在天生射手討論區看到關於翻譯的問題....

早年的美國潛艇都以魚為名,可是台灣的譯名都很奇怪,翻開字典看到的第一個名詞就用了,也不查查還有沒有其他意思. 多年來也沒改.

Guppy譯成古比, 走進台灣的熱帶魚店都看得到Guppy是”孔雀魚”,好像記者﹑編輯都沒用過這名詞..
海獅艦原是cutlass(帶魚?),就翻成了小彎刀.
海豹艦原是Tusk(豬齒魚?),就翻成了長牙.
首批淚滴型核能攻擊潛艇Permit 級(金鯧魚)竟被翻成”許可證”…..


Permit 鯧鰳
【動物】 【魚】 鯧鰳 ( 產於加勒比海 )


這樣的話老潛艇也該正名:

海獅791[SS-478 Cutlass]----帶魚
海豹792[SS-426 Tusk]------(長)牙魚





由此可知,既然早期的美國潛艇都以魚為命名,因此翻譯上也該使用魚類名稱才對。
 

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武器介紹:

「長尾鯊」級潛艇:美海軍第三代攻擊核潛艇


20世紀50年代末,美國在建造「鰩魚」級潛艇的同時,新設計的水聲設備AN/BQQ-2和「沙布洛克」反潛火箭已經研製成功。為了裝備先進的反潛火箭和高性能的探測設備,美海軍於1958年-1967年建成了第三代攻擊核潛艇「長尾鯊」級。該級艇共建造13艘。
「長尾鯊」級潛艇.jpg
 

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該級潛艇又稱「大鲹魚」級。採用水滴型艇型,核反應爐為S5W壓水堆,單軸,15000軸馬力,採用2台蒸汽平透傳動方式。該級艇裝有三種推進裝置:主動力裝置,應急動力裝置和輔助推進裝置,而且從此以後所有的核潛艇都裝有這三種動力裝置,因而降低了機艙噪音。
「長尾鯊」級潛艇_2.jpg
 

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此外該艇還裝有獨特形狀的七葉螺旋槳,從而使螺旋槳的空泡噪音減至最低。增大下潛深度即能最大限度地利用所謂不可透視的天然裝甲的海水深度,從而減少潛艇被水面反潛艦艇和反潛飛機搜索發現的可能性,同時也增加了艇的生存能力和實施反潛戰中易於處於有利戰位。

主要數據:

艇長      84.9米
艇寬      9.6米
吃水      7.6米
排水量    3750噸(水上),4310噸(水下)
航速      20節(水上),25節(水下)
工作深度  300-400米
下潛深度  400米
 

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事件介紹:

長尾鯊級攻擊核潛艇事故

  「長尾鯊」級攻擊核潛艇的首艇「長尾鯊」號於1961年服役。1963年4月10日開始大深度潛航試驗。由於主機艙內海水系統強度不夠,造成耐壓殼破壞,導致該艇橫臥海底,艇員隨艇同沉,這是歷史上第一次核潛艇沉沒事故。1963年4月10日,美國攻擊型潛艇"長尾鯊"號在波士頓以東220海里處沉沒。當時,該艇正在試航,下潛到130米處時進行了壓載艙的注水試驗。從水下200米開始,它越往下潛,水面上收到它發來的電話聲音就越模糊。

不久,潛艇從水下報告:"出現故障,艇首上翹,目前正向壓載艙充……"話音顯得十分驚慌,還沒講完便突然中斷了,幾分鐘後,水下傳來一聲艇體破裂的聲音,接著便鴉雀無聲了。艇上129人無一生還。後來調查結論稱,可能是一根海水管道破裂,導致海水大量湧入艙內,一些電線被海水浸泡和沖刷後又影響了電氣系統,從而使潛艇喪失動力,坐沉海底。每類艦船事故都帶有本身特有的原因,但大致可分為二類:一類是艦船結構和技術上的原因,一類是在航行條件和緊急情況下出現的原因。


結構和技術上的原因是在艦船設計和製造的過程中產生的,如設計水平低就往往會使艦船的平穩性,機動性和結構強度不夠,或抗爆和防火性能差。造艦中不合要求,材料、工藝等不過關,都會留下後患,導致嚴重事故。


航行條件下發生事故,則多是艦員對艦船的性能、使用掌握得不夠,或對航區的水文氣象和水道測量的條件不甚瞭解等。緊急情況下發生事故,往往是由於艦員對具體救護措施不清楚,消防技術器材欠準備等。 

「長尾鯊」號的沉沒使美國海軍發展核潛艇的銳氣受到了挫折,推遲了「長尾鯊」同級艇的研製進度。但是,鑒於但是蘇聯核潛艇的力量的增強,美國海軍為了保持它對於蘇聯潛艇部隊的優勢,並且針對「長尾鯊」號沉沒所暴露出來的問題,建造了第四代攻擊核潛艇「鱘魚」級。



尺度:長84.9米,寬9.6米,吃水7.6米
排水量:水上3750噸,水下4310噸
航速:水上20節,水下25節以上
潛深:300-400米
動力裝置:反應堆為S5W壓水堆,單軸,15000軸馬力,採用2台蒸汽平透傳動方式
武器裝備:舯部4具533毫米魚雷發射管,裝備了射程比魚雷遠的「沙布洛克」魚雷火箭
電子設備:AN/BQQ-2型高效率綜合聲納
 

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