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M109A6 Paladin Self Propelled Howitzer
  The M109A6 Paladin is the latest advancement in 155mm self-propelled artillery. The system enhances previous versions of the M109 by implementing onboard navigational and automatic fire control systems. Paladin has both a Kevlar-lined chassis and a pressurized crew compartment to guard against ballistic, nuclear, biological, and chemical threats.

The M109A6 is the most technologically advanced cannon in the Army inventory. This weapon has a 4 man crew, and weights approximately 62,000 lbs/32 tons, and has a cruising range of 186 miles, Max speed is 35 MPH, It has a fuel capacity of 133 gals. The Paladin can operate independently, from on the move, it can receive a fire mission, compute firing data, select and take up its firing position, automatically unlock and point its cannon, fire and move out - all with no external technical assistance. Firing the first round from the move in under 60 seconds, a "shoot and scoot" capability protects the crew from counterbattery fire. The M109A6 Paladin is capable of firing up to four rounds per minute to ranges of 30 kilometers. The Paladin features increased survivability characteristics such as day/night operability, NBC protection with climate control and secure voice and digital communications. The crew remains in the vehicle throughout the mission.


The Paladin is designed to accept new technologies increasing firing range, rate of fire, and accuracy. TACOM-ARDEC, in order to maintain the state-of-the-art in artillery technologies, is continuing to develop enhancements adaptable to Paladin, such as a 52 caliber gun, Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS), and a laser ignition system.

The Paladin/FAASV program entails a major product improvement and re-engineering effort - begun in 1979 - to upgrade the U.S. Army's primary self-propelled long-range howitzer, designated the M109 series. Range, lethality, reliability, speed and mobility were all limitations of this 1950's design, as was the lack of onboard navigation/location and nuclear, biological and chemical protection for the crew. The new Paladin closes the technology gap in response to the requirements of the U.S. Army Soldier. These "shoot and scoot" requirements, were translated into engineering requirements and specifications that updated or replaced every subsystem of the vehicle.

[ 本文最後由 jacklf2004 於 07-6-26 10:22 AM 編輯 ]
 

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M1093D圖



By the end of 1999, 824 Paladins will be in the hands of US Army and National Guard Field Artillery units in accordance with a detailed schedule that includes advance Materiel Fielding Team customer familiarization, new equipment training for both officers and enlisted personnel, and all of the associated logistics, spares, manuals, trainers and testing devices for the weapons system.

The Letterkenny Army Depot is a key partner with the Defense Depot Letterkenny, PA (DDLP) in ensuring availability of the 1900 necessary parts to the production line. Letterkenny Army Depot's partnership role is to deprocess old howitzers, salvage reusable chassis and components and integrate all chassis/automotive upgrades into the refurbished Paladin chassis. United Defense Limited Partnership Paladin Production Division, also collocated at Letterkenny Army Depot forms part of the production line, applying its skills in systems and turret integration after receiving the Paladin chassis from Letterkenny. The Defense Contract Management (DCM) partner is the designated Department of Defense in-plant organization to ensure both product quality and fiscal integrity of the defense contractor, United Defense Limited Partnership. Major suppliers include Honeywell (navigation/positioning systems), Detroit Diesel (new low heat rejection engines), United Defense - Ground Systems Division (turret manufacturer), Watervliet Arsenal (cannons and ballistic shielding) and Alliant Tech Systems (Automatic Fire Control System).

Life cycle sustainment support for the M109 FOV is currently provided by multiple government and commercial organizations using many different processes to deliver both services and materials. Duplicative infrastructure and processes are common. Engineering/technical support is performed by multiple contractors and Army commands. Maintenance, overhaul, and repair is achieved through a complicated structure of organic shops that depend on the commercial sector for parts and other government agencies for technical guidance and funding. The production contractor and government supply system acquire and provide parts for initial provisioning, production, modification, repair (field and depot), overhaul, and war reserves. The current support infrastructure limits opportunity for a coordinated effort to achieve cost reduction, implement best business practices, improve weapon system performance, and modernize equipment. Accountability is widely dispersed. By the end of 1999 the US Army TACOM-ARDEC Acquisition Center and the Product Manager for Paladin/FAASV intends to issue a contract for a Fleet Managemer for the M109 Family of Vehicles (FOV). The Fleet Manager (FM) will be the single world class focal point for the M109 FOV life-cycle sustainment support, to include supply, engineering and limited life cycle support functions by having one point of contact and focal point for all M109 FOV life-cycle program management and weapon system support. The Pilot Program critical objective is to validate 20-30% sustainment savings .
 

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M109 裝備分析圖(反白)
M109 圖集
M109自走砲系統作戰圖


 

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陸軍師級火砲支援武器

──M109A6帕拉丁式自走砲





自從自走砲問世後,過去需要人力、騾馬或車輛拖曳的各式榴砲,本身就可以機動部署,使得戰場上的火力運用更具彈性。目前全世界服役的各型自走砲,大致可分為俄製與英、美等製兩大系統,其中由美國生產的M109系列一百五十五公釐自走砲,便是自由世界國家普遍使用的自走砲車之一。

       M109系列自走砲自一九六三年正式服役以來,陸續研製出A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6等六種構型,美國陸軍現役的M109包括A1、A2、A6型三種,均是裝甲師和機械化步兵師的直接火力支援武器。其中M109A6帕拉丁(paladin)式是最新改良型,換裝了新的M284型榴砲,並配備先進射控系統。

       M109A6帕拉丁式自走砲是延續M109系列性能提升而來,外型上與之前的M109系列相似,僅有砲塔等部分略為不同。車體全長為九點六八公尺,車寬三點一五公尺,高三點六二公尺,戰鬥重量二八八四九公斤,車上編制乘組員包括車長、駕駛、射手和裝填手共四名。動力系統採用8V-71T LHR型渦輪增壓液冷八缸柴油發動機,輸出四百四十匹馬力,並搭配XTG- 411- 4A型變速箱,油箱容量為五百零四公升。最大路速每小時六十四點四公里,最大行程三百四十四公里,未配合任何渡河裝備的涉水深度為一點零五公尺,爬坡度達百分之六十,越障高度零點五三公尺,越壕寬度一點八三公尺。

       新設計的砲塔採用改良式裝甲及凱夫勒防彈內襯,提高了對乘員的防護力,內儲有三十九發備射砲彈,可以三百六十度旋轉。為提升夜戰能力,砲塔頂的車長艙蓋經過改良,同時車長換裝全新夜視裝置,駕駛也配備了被動式夜視裝備;其右側另裝有一挺M2型十二點七公釐防空用機槍,搭配五百發子彈。

      砲車上主要武裝配備為一門M284型一百五十五公釐╱三十九倍徑榴砲,採用強化的新型砲口制退器和新的砲膛排煙器,另外還換裝新的砲閂拉柄箱組,加裝M49型發火機及改良的頂桿、砲閂環等。而搭配的M182A1型砲座,也加裝了溫度感測器,並重新設計復進筒。

      此外,全車裝有核生化防護裝備(NBC),並配備先進的AFCS XXI自動化火砲射控系統,包括彈道射控電腦和導航系統,使其具備砲管自動指向能力。而模組化定位定向系統可自動導航、定位、賦與火砲射向、射角,且具有連線射擊指揮儀的功能,如同「自動射控系統」的心臟,使M109A6自走砲的作戰效能更加提升。

      經過改良後的M109A6帕拉丁自走砲能夠發射M203╱M203 A1型裝藥,最大射程可達三萬公尺,加上其他優良的作戰能力,火力強大,已成為美國陸軍現役的主力自走砲。

 
 

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在美國陸軍,M109系列自走砲自生產以來,依序研製出六種構型。其中,M109A6帕拉丁(PALADIN)自走砲因裝有一門M284型一五五公厘榴砲,並配備先進的射控系統,且砲塔可三百六十度旋轉,有效提升陸軍作戰能力,也成為美國現役的主力自走砲。本週軍武大觀特別製作「M109A6帕拉丁式自走砲專題」,見識它強大的火力。(編按)

  自火砲發明之後,一直是地面部隊非常重要的支援武器,不過長久以來,各式榴砲大都需要人力、騾馬或車輛等的拖曳,才能夠機動、轉換陣地,直到自走砲的出現,才使這種狀況改觀。

  目前全世界服役的各型自走砲,大致仍可分為俄製及英、美等製兩大系統,其中由美國聯合防衛公司(United Defense)生產的M109系列一百五十五公厘自走砲,便是自由世界國家普遍使用的自走砲車之一,除了美國陸軍以外,許多北約組織成員國,甚至是我國陸軍都擁有不少數量。

  但隨著服役時間的不斷增加,M109系列砲車也已逐漸無法滿足未來戰場上的需求,加上其他國家也陸續研發各式新型自走砲,如AS90、Pzh2000型等,因此美國軍方提出了師級火砲支援武器系統研發計畫(DASWS),希望發展新型自走砲系統。

  不過後來該計畫卻因故中止,所以美國各國防廠商便轉而發展以M109系列為中心的榴砲延壽計畫(HELP),也就是M109榴砲改良計畫(HIP)。

  一九八四年十一月該計畫正式定案,一九八五年十月確定由BMY公司獲得為期三年的研發合約,進行八輛原型車的改良研發工作,其中六輛是依據美國陸軍的需求,其餘兩輛則是根據以色列國防軍的需求來發展。

  美國及以色列的第一輛原型車,同時於一九八八年三月三十日,在BMY公司的約克廠區(York)正式出廠,隨後原型車在美國亞伯丁(Aberdeen)及猶馬(Yuma)測試場進行了廣泛的測試。從一九八八年九月至一九八九年二月,美軍的原型車進行了一連串的技術測試,而一九八九年五月起,則移到希爾堡(Fort Sill)實施作戰測試。
 

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一九九○年九月五日,美國陸軍正式決定生產M109系列的最新改良型,M109A6 型帕拉丁式(Paladin)自走砲,同時簽訂第一批的初期少量生產合約(LRIP),生產數量為四十四輛。一九九二年四月,第一輛M109A6型自走砲正式出廠。

  隨後美國再簽下兩筆各六十輛的初期少量生產合約,使採購總數累積到一百六十四輛。而整個LRIP生產階段已於一九九四年十一月完成。不過之後的M109A6型生產合約,BMY公司則面臨FMC公司地面系統部門(GroundSystems)及通用動力公司(GD)陸地系統部門(Land Systems)的競爭。一九九三年四月九日,FMC公司地面系統部門勝出,贏得第一筆價值三千零五十萬美元的製造合約,將六十輛舊型M109砲車改良提升至M109A6型標準。

  而至一九九八年十月止,則共生產了六百三十輛,隨後又再追加八十三輛M109A6型,使合約總金額增加到三億七千六百萬美元。一九九七年四月,美國陸軍再向BMY與FMC 合併後的聯合防衛公司,採購三十七輛M109A6型砲車,同年十一月又增購第二批三十六輛。

  目前M109A6型自走砲的生產工作,主要是由聯合防衛公司負責製造新型砲塔,並與改良後的底盤進行最後整合,再運交美國軍方。
 

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